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before by providing data in tables. The following tables contain the articles written by international writers. The tables exhibit the frequency of lexical items
of the compound nouns and their types.
Table 3.7: Frequency of Forms Used by International Writers
NO Articles
Frequency of Lexical Items which Form Compound
Nouns Left-
headed Words
N-N A-N
P-N V-N
1 2
3 …
Total
Table 3.8: Frequency of Types Used by International Writers
NO Articles
Frequency of Types Words
Percen- tage
Endo Exo
Verbal 1
2 3
… Total
Average
Those are the tables which are used to display the data from international writers. The articles written by international writers were also sorted from the
oldest to the newest. Next, the researcher also provided a table that exhibits the percentage of compound nouns used by national and international writers.
Table 3.9: Percentage of Types Used by National and International Writers
No National Writers
International Writers Article
Percentage Article
Percentage En-
do Exo
Ver- bal
All En-
do Exo
Ver- bal
All 1
34
2 3
4 …
Total Average
From the previous tables, the readers could know what types of compounds that frequently occur in the articles written by both national and
international writers in the period of late 2014 until early 2015. Next, the researcher explains the procedure that she did to conduct the research.
F. Research Procedure
There are seven steps conducted in this study. Those steps were taken in order to gather and analyze the data found by the researcher. The following are the
steps that the researcher took in this study: 1. Observing The Jakarta Post online edition to look for the articles which
have compound nouns in it The problem of finding compounds was not simple matters.
Sometimes, the compound nouns in the article were not so many or even none. Because of that, the researcher had to read so many articles to
gather data as much as possible. 2. Getting the information from the dictionary and related references
This was done to check whether the words found in the article were compounds or phrases. It was also to make sure and convince the
researcher that the words she analyzed were really compounds. This step
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also was not easy because there are so many theories that discuss how to differentiate between compounds and phrases. Therefore, the researcher
needed to read many references for examples dictionaries and morphological theories to decide whether the words she analyzed were
compounds or phrases. 3. Selecting the articles which contain a lot of compound nouns in the online
edition of The Jakarta Post The researcher decided to choose articles from Sci-Tech and Digital
Life columns because there are so many compounds in those articles. Besides, the selection was done based on the date of publication of the
articles. The researcher did this to limit the scope of the data. 4. Sorting the articles written by national writers and international writers
The researcher differentiated the articles written by national writers and the ones written by international writers. This was done in order to
identify which compound nouns that came from national writers and which ones were from international writers. In other words, it made the
next step of this research easier. 5. Collecting the compound nouns in the selected articles from national
writers and international writers After sorting the articles, the researcher started to list the compound
nouns in those articles. The compound nouns that had been explored were also listed according to where they came from. It means that the
researcher also differentiated the compound nouns used by national and
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international writers. Those compound nouns were the data of this study. That data soon was going to be analyzed by the researcher.
6. Analyzing the data The compound nouns selected in the previous step were analyzed
using the theories from Bauer 1983, Curme 1947, Frank 1972, Katamba 1993, Matthews 2009, O’ Graddy 1997, Plag 2003, and
Quirk et al 1985. This was done to determine whether the compound nouns were formed by Noun-Noun, Adjective-Noun, Preposition-Noun,
or Verb-Noun. This step was quite easier rather than the previous steps. After deciding the lexical items which form the compound nouns, the
researcher analyzed the types of the compound nouns. Using theories from O’Graddy 1997 and Katamba 1993, the researcher decided the
types of compound nouns found in the articles. There are three types of compounds based on the theories. Those types are endocentric,
exocentric, and verbal. This step needs the understanding of the researcher about the meaning of the selected compounds.
7. Making the frequency list of the data After analyzing the data, the researcher made some tables of
frequency list of the data. The first table shows the frequency of the lexical items which form the compound nouns used by national writers.
The second table displays the frequency of the lexical items which form the compound nouns used by international writers. After that, the
researcher provided two more tables that compare the types of compound
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nouns used by national writers and international writers. Lastly, the researcher also exposed the tables that compare the articles written by
national and international writers about compound nouns that frequently occur in the selected articles of The Jakarta Post online edition in late
2014 – early 2015.
8. Concluding and reporting the study After getting the data about compound nouns that occur in the articles,
the researcher concluded this study. This conclusion, later, will be reported with the findings of the research. By doing this, the study is
complete.
In a nutshell, chapter three contains the explanation on how the researcher gathered the data. Besides, it explains the steps that the researcher took to analyze
the data. In the following chapter, the researcher exposes the data analysis and the result of the study about compound nouns.
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CHAPTER IV RESEARCH RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In this chapter, the researcher presents two parts based on the research questions. The first part discusses the types of compound nouns found in the
selected articles of The Jakarta Post online edition. The second part shows the frequency of the compound nouns that had been analyzed.
A. Types of Compound Nouns in Selected Articles
This part presents the results of the study. The researcher used The Jakarta Post
online edition as the source of the data. Specifically, the researcher took some compound nouns in the selected articles. Those articles are Digital Life and
Sci-Tech articles published in late 2014 until early 2015. It is because sections about science and technology contained more compounds than other sections
according to Swastikasari 2009. Moreover, at that period, there are some articles about new product of gadget and news about digital life which attracted the
readers. This part begins with a table which exhibits the compound nouns in 25
articles which are written by national writers. Besides, this table shows the lexical items which formed those compounds. The table can be seen in the following
page.
