Types of Compound Nouns in Selected Articles
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4 first lady
√ 5
junk food √
6 lawmakers
√ 7
lawsuit √
8 midday
√ 9
phone call √
10 playstation √
11 smartphone √
12 thick skin √
13 timeline √
14 video game √
15 white house √
This table contains different compounds from the previous tables because the writers are different. However, this table exhibits similar result with the
previous table. The most compounds which occur in the selected articles of The Jakarta Post
online edition written by international writers are formed by a noun and a noun Bauer, 1983. From the table, it can be concluded that there are eight
compounds which are formed by a noun and a noun, three compounds that are formed by an adjective and a noun, two compounds formed by a preposition and a
noun, and one compound with the form of a verb and a noun. Some of those compounds also frequently occur but some do not. The examples of uncommon
compounds are first lady and thick skin. Next, the researcher discusses the types of compound nouns used by
international writers. Similar to the previous part, there are three kinds of compounds that the researcher analyzed. They are endocentric, exocentric, and
verbal or synthetic compounds. The classification of those types can be seen in the following table.
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Table 4.4: Types of Compound Nouns Used by International Writers
No Compound Nouns
Types of Compounds Endo Exo Verbal
1 afternoon
√ 2
air conditioner √
3 birthdates
√ 4
first lady √
5 junk food
√ 6
law makers √
7 lawsuit
√ 8
midday √
9 phone call
10 playstation
√ 11
smartphone √
12 thick skin
√ 13
timeline √
14 vacuum cleaners
√ 15
white house √
Those words above are considered as compound words because the first elements of those compounds are useful to classify the second elements Quirk et
al, 1985. They are not noun phrases because the first and the second elements of those compounds are not pre-modifiers and heads. Therefore, gas station is not a
station which made of gas but it is a station to buy gas. Another example is law makers
which means some people who have authority to make laws. However, there is an exception for exocentric compounds. Those
compounds do not follow the pattern which has been stated before to indicate that they are compounds. It is because those compounds are headless. It means that
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there is no relation between the meaning and the parts of the compounds Katamba, 1993. However, those words are still considered as compounds
because they are formed by two or more potential stems that become a lexeme Bauer, 1983.
Besides, there are some compounds which could not be put into table 1.1 and table 2.1 because those compounds are left-headed. According to Katamba
1993, there are some minority compounds whose heads are on the left, for instance, mother-in-law, passer-by, and so on. In the selected articles of The
Jakarta Post online edition in the period of late 2014 until early 2015, there are
some compounds which are left-headed. Those compounds could be seen in the table below.
Table 4.5: Left-headed Compounds
NO Compounds Types
Articles 1
cashback Endo
Mygadget: Galaxy Takes Aim at Premium Market
with Note
2 feedback
Endo Offering Google a Much-
Needed Bahasa Boost Social Media Has
Positives, Pitfalls for Actors, Producers
3 nationwide
Endo Timeline of The Sony
Pictures Entertainment Hack
4 newsweek
Endo Newsweek Twitter Feed
Briefly Hacked
5 worldwide
Endo Weave Through Traffic,
Cars and…Fish With Google Street View
Indonesia
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All of the left-headed compounds above are endocentric. It means that cashback
is a kind of cash. It is also the same as feedback which is a kind of feed. It is the same as the rest of the compounds that the first components are the heads.
These compounds are not exocentric because they have heads, whereas exocentric compounds can be called headless compounds Katamba, 1993.
Those left-headed compounds are found in the selected articles written by national and international writers. Moreover, there are only five compounds out of
208 compounds. It indicates that this kind of compound is not frequently used by
people. Finally, that is all about the lexical items and the types of compound nouns
used by both national and international writers. There are some well-known compounds and some compounds do not commonly occur. In order to understand
the meaning of those compounds, the readers should “interpret the compounds
based on possible conceptual and semantic properties of the nouns involved”
Plag, 2003, p. 150. By knowing the forms and the types, the readers can interpret the meaning of the compounds easily. Next, the researcher shows the
frequency of the occurrence of compound nouns in the selected articles of The Jakarta Post
online edition in late 2014 until early 2015.