117
brotherhood between two persons. This point will be portrayed in the tribes that John Cooper has joined in as reflected in The Hawk and the Dove.
It was also said that the Indians had learned to inflict pain and torture from their childhood. They must prove their prowess before they gained their social
acknowledgement. Some tribes conducted several endurance tests for the attendance or their own people before they accepted them as one of their legal
people. It was shown that endurance became the top priority of their prowess. Thus, the Indians were to face torture without flinching and death without fear
Paul et al., 1990, pp. 4-9. This proof will be portrayed in John Cooper’s experiences with the Skidi Pawnee Indians.
4.3.3.1 The Ayuhwa Sioux
John Cooper’s first meeting with Kandaka has brought him into the communal society of the Ayuhwa Sioux tribe. This is the very first tribe that John
Cooper has come into and made friends with. The Indians were well-known for their communal society system in which the people would share the food they had
gathered and the meat they had hunted. During his living with the Indians, John Cooper learns to adapt to their way of life. The Ayuhwa Sioux welcome John
Cooper to live with them and to hunt animal together. They honor John Cooper by making a welcoming-feast ceremony.
In this tribe, John Cooper learns for the first time the way that the Indians live in their community. He sees that the men bring back with them the animal
hunt and then give them to the women in order to skin and cook them for the meal. There is no possession of one’s food, but they share it for the whole village.
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
118
In the night, John Cooper has the feast with the Ayuhwa’s elders. The chief means it as to welcome someone who is kind and beloved to them pp. 87-88. This is the
first social relationship that John Cooper has built with the Ayuhwa Sioux. John Cooper shows his sincerity to join them and learn their ways of life by expressing
his deep gratitude to what they have done to him. He also requests Kandaka to teach him the language of their tribe so seriously that he can, in the future,
communicate with the people by himself. During the time when John Cooper spends his days and nights with the
Ayuhwa Sioux, he shows his rapid adaptation with the new society he is joining in. The hunting game is the prime responsibility for the braves as they must gather
food for their family and through this way, they also prove their courage and dexterity when they want to marry a woman. John Cooper has joined several
hunting games with the Ayuhwa braves and because of his success in shooting the largest amount of animals, the Ayuhwa Sioux pay him the great respect and
amazement of his strange long stick that thunders and spits fire pp. 109-114. His adaptive sense of learning the Ayuhwa Sioux’s ways of life guides him to impose
the way they share foods. John Cooper shares the meat he has shot with the village and the chief. Thus, the Ayuhwa Sioux honor him with deeper respect
accordingly. John Cooper’s social relationship with the Ayuhwa Sioux grows even
stronger after his finally mastering the language for himself. ‘By the end of February, John Cooper had completely adapted to the easy
going life of the Ayuhwa village…Gradually, as John Cooper became more fluent in the Sioux tongue, he was able to speak with other braves,
who plied him with eager question about his rifle and Lije. He felt a sense
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
119
of belonging, however temporary, which comforted him more than he realized p. 109.
This point proves that John Cooper possesses the quick capability of adapting to the social life where he lives around. John Cooper learns to feel what others need
through joining tribal ceremonies. The communal society that is indeed depicted throughout the Indians’ ways of life contributes some senses adopted in John
Cooper’s behavior. It is described that John Cooper respects the elders of the Indians as their own people will do such a way and in figuring out his life among
the Ayuhwa, he obeys the laws of the Ayuhwa Sioux. Henceforth, he is respected and honored by all the braves, the women and even the chief of the Ayuhwa
Sioux. There is also a buffalo dance that is held by the Ayuhwa Sioux in order for
the preparation of the great hunt. There are braves and maidens who join the ceremony in the front of the shaman. In this ceremony, the unmarried braves will
choose their desired women to be their wives. ‘There had been many buffalo on the plains that fall, and now the Ayuhwa hunted down the fattest cows, which
would provide the most meat for the winter ahead. A month before the hunt began, John Cooper took part in the ritualistic sun dance’ p. 187. The Indians
choose a slim tree as a symbol of enemy and this tree is cut down by someone whom the tribe consider important. Once the tree is down, all the braves attack it
like a fallen enemy. John Cooper is welcomed to join and Kandaka teaches him the rules. “As
he learned, John Cooper realized that such rituals reflected communal purpose, faith, and devotion which could not be questioned and which linked men
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
120
everywhere, whether they were white or red” p. 188. John Cooper feels the sheer excitement and exhilaration of the buffalo hunt itself. He realizes that the hunt
evokes all the old-aged pulsating drama of the eternal hunter of the Ayuhwa Sioux and also becomes the climax to which all his senses and young vitality are
channeled. The highest mark of John Cooper’s success in building social relationship
with the Ayuhwa Sioux is the jubilant acceptance and the blood-brother ritual that he has with Kandaka. The blood-brother ritual represents the sign of total
acceptance to be one of them where the skin and race distinction seem vanished away. John Cooper, until his last day of his living with the Ayuhwa, has shown
them the good demeanors and this, indeed, proves that he is worthy to be a dear friend of the Ayuhwa Sioux.
4.3.3.2 The Skidi Pawnee
