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thinking and responding. Perception shall be a cause of hostilities among the diversities of skin colors, race, religions, tribes, nationalities, and cultures. The
theories applied in this study scoop the field of psychological and socio-historical background. Thus, the psychological approach is served as the device to help
analyze the perception case. Meanwhile, the socio-historical approach provides the evidences related to the clash between the Indians and the Whites as
happening in the early American history. Researching the psychological and the historical case is interesting because it will contribute worthy knowledge related
to the topic.
1.2 Problem Formulation
The problem formulation of this study focuses on three mainstream questions as follow:
1.2.1 How are John Cooper and Catarina de Escobar described?
1.2.2 What perception do John Cooper and Catarina de Escobar have about the
Indians? 1.2.3
How do John Cooper and Catarina de Escobar build their relationships with the Indians?
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The objectives of the study are derived from the problem formulation. The first objective is to find both John Cooper’s and Catarina de Escobar’s
characterization. John Cooper’s and Catarina de Escobar’s characterization becomes the factor that influences their making perception about the Indians. The
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second objective is to find the perception that John Cooper and Catarina de Escobar have towards the Indians and to analyze the way they perceive the
Indians. Their perception is basically produced as the result of their personal interactions and experiences dealing with them. The third objective is to find the
relationships that John Cooper and Catarina de Escobar have built with the Indians. In certain forms, their relationships are based on what John Cooper and
Catarina de Escobar have perceived about the Indians. The aim of the third objective is to follow up the further relationships in accordance with John
Cooper’s and Catarina de Escobar’s perception about the Indians. There are also proofs about the events happening in the story and the reality in the early
American history.
1.4 Benefits of the Study
This study of literature will give the readers knowledge and understanding of the problems occurring in the novel with the reasons beyond the case. It will
also give the knowledge to those who have interest in the history of the early America, so that they will obtain some different perception about the case.
For students of English Education Study Program who will take the undergraduate thesis on literature it will give some insights and general guidance
and even further information for those whose topic will be in case of perception. This study of literature provides knowledge to the researcher in order to develop
and implement his English knowledge achieved during his study in Sanata Dharma University, English Education Study Program, by working intensively on
the literature field.
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1.5 Definition of Terms
