The Clash between the Indians and the Whites

34 was also applied in Spain. “Spain was not ill governed in the absolute Bourbon style” Trend, 1952, p. 153.

2.2.3 The Clash between the Indians and the Whites

Graff and Krout 1959 states that the encounter between the Whites and the Indians in North America evoked more than a clash between different cultures. With the motives of searching for Gold, Glory, and Gospel, the Europeans started enslaving and suppressing the Indians for their needs pp. 15-16. That Europeans saw that the Indians were more obsolescent in their weaponry and were far left in civilization compared to theirs; it invoked their intentions to enslave, exploit, and take benefits from the Indians. Tindall and Shi 1984 explains that the first malice happened after Columbus’ returning to Spain in December 1492 and when he got the instruction from the monarch couple to return to the New World, he found that the unsupervised soldiers had done terrible things to the Indians: raping native women and robbing Indian villagers p. 11. The reason, besides the main goals, was that they perceived that Indians were such “a malicious, surly and revengeful spirit; rude and insolent in their behavior and very ungovernable” Tindall Shi, 1984, p. 3. It was then the basic cause of the clash between the Indians and the Whites. There were two legends that revealed the different point of views of the clash between the Whites and the Indians. The legends were Black Legend and White Legend. The Black Legend states that the Spaniards slaughtered thousands of Indians and subjected the remainder to exploitative forced labor. The White Legend states that Spaniards brought Christianity to the Indians, PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 35 eliminated human sacrifice and cannibalism from their society, and offered them draft animals, plows, and other material benefits Gibson, 1967, p. 136. It was evident that both legends were acceptable. This also proved the case of different perception between two groups of people with different backgrounds of personality and point of view. The evidence that identified another different point of view between the Whites and the Indians was about the hunting games. For the Indians, the hunting game was a prior work for the men. They did it every day in order to gather food. Meanwhile, the Whites considered the hunting game as an upper-class amusement that would not make any exhausting efforts. From this fact, the Europeans would soon find that the Indians were neither fools nor humble servants. However; the whites would began to see the Native Americans as deceitful “savage” Paul et al., 1990, pp. 1-4. This difference was then one of the factors that evoked disputes between them. Despite the dispute between the Whites and the Indians, Tindall and Shi 1984 say, “Many Spanish, English, and French settlers voluntarily joined Indian Society or chose to stay after being captured” p. 8. It was due to the fact that the Indians were depicted as people who possessed great capacity for adapting to changing circumstances. They integrated European technology, forged new alliances, altered their own community system and eventually, they often succeeded in converting the Whites into their own way of life. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 36

2.3 Theoretical Framework