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directly to the Apache Indians. He convinces her with his harsh life and the good Indians before she stops considering him as a ‘savage’. Eventually John Cooper
marries to Catarina de Escobar and the dark paradigm that blunts Catarina about Indians this far has gradually changed. On the other hand, Catarina de Escobar’s
big brother, Carlos, falls in love with a female Apache Indian and finally marries her. The marriage between Carlos and the Indian girl ends the story of The Hawk
and the Dove.
3.2 Approach of the Study
As the critical field of analysis, this study uses two ways of approaches: the socio-historical and the psychological approach. The socio-historical approach
reveals the relation between several events happening in the novel compared to the realities happening in the early American history. This is what Rohrberger and
Woods Jr. 1971 state that a critic whose major characteristic is the Socio– historical approach insists that it is the only way to locate the work pp. 9-10.
Thus, this approach field will work on the analysis of the civilization and its society. It depicts the condition of the society at that time and the historical
background of the story. It will uncover the relation whether the story in that novel really reflects the history happening then or it is just a matter of the author’s
imaginations. Meanwhile, the Psychological Approach will deal with the analysis of
perception that the two main characters, John Cooper and Catarina de Escobar, have towards the Indians. As what Rohrberger and Woods Jr. 1971 say that the
psychological approach tries to locate and demonstrate certain recurrent patterns
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from the knowledge of psychology p. 12. The analysis, based on this approach, will go on to the physical and mental experiences both characters had with the
Indians in which then the mechanism of perception lead to several reactions in the reality.
3.3 Methodology
Since this thesis focused on the work of literature, the methodology taken was library study. The primary source in this study was a printed book titled The
Hawk and the Dove written by Leigh Franklin James. There are printed books related to the early American history and Psychology as well as the electronic
media that are used as the secondary sources. Those references are used in order to elaborate and support the analysis of the problem formulation.
In accordance with the analysis of the problem formulation, there were several steps that were taken orderly. The first step was reading throughout the
novel titled The Hawk and the Dove severally until the story line and all the detailed information comprehended considerably. The scanning and skimming the
novel were aimed to find the perceptions of the two main characters towards the Indians and the relationships that both main characters built with the Indians.
Finding an appropriate method for the analysis was the second step taken as the following up of choosing the topic. This study aimed at the perception case
happening between the Indians and the two main characters, John Cooper and Catarina de Escobar. Hence, the Psychological and Socio-Historical Approach
were employed.
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The third step was to work on the second problem formulation that was addressed into finding the relationships both main characters built with the
Indians. This analysis emphasized the detailed information of which tribes involved in the story and the traditions held by each tribe.
The last step was making the conclusion of the entire discussion throughout the study. This also redefined the main goals of the study in which the
researcher had formulated in chapter one.
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CHAPTER 4 ANALYSIS
