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delivered in the brain will then arouse some responsive feelings and thoughts towards the event or other person connected with the receptor.
By any case the physical senses of human body become the devices that receive the signal or stimuli; eyes and ears work as the direct senses that receive
the most influencing messages to the receptor. The messages are then converted into some sort of impulses to the brain in which the mental system works to
articulate the messages. The articulated messages evoke the certain feeling and thoughts within the receptor the person. These feelings and thoughts are the
conductor of physical and mental responses of human as the action he or she may decide to do.
This theory is used in order to analyze the perception of John Cooper’s and Catarina de Escobar’s towards the Indians based on their own experiences.
And, this theory underlies the main goal of this thesis in order to analyze the perception that these two persons have towards the Indians.
2.1.5 Relationships
There are two conceptions of relationships; they are peer relationships and social relationships. The division of the concepts is managed to help the
comprehension of the term.
2.1.5.1. Peer Relationship
According to Jersild 1955, “A peer relationship is not, accordingly, limited only to persons of similar age but may include relationships with younger
or older persons” p. 232. It means that the child, in the time of developing his or her personality, does not concern too much matter with the partner he or she plays
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with; whether he or she is older or younger. What the child needs is the learning process to grow and comprehend what other thinks, feels and behaves.
He also says that some activities of sharing thoughts, playing out door, solving a problem which then arriving into a clear decision, planning other
activities that do not involve parents or teacher contribute the essential parts of learning in child’s development process with his peer. This process will help the
children grow from being totally dependent into persons that can stand on their own feet as an equal Jersild, 1955, pp. 230–231. The peer relationship is indeed
essential for children whose growth comes into transcendent age of being a protected child around his or her parents.
As an addition to what Jersild explains about the development process of a child when he or she is bond with his or her partner, the individual independence
must be hammered out in the field of social relation. It arouses the experiences of self-dependence and how to communicate with others so that the child can stand
on his or her own feet when the reality comes to a hardship. He also claims that “a child cannot be independent when he lives in solitude” Jersild, 1955, p. 232.
Thus, this theory presents that a child needs a peer mate in order to develop through a transcendent age into a mature man or woman.
2.1.5.2. Social Relationships
The level of social relationships and child’s awareness of his or her own status among of the others will gradually increase in accordance with the
development of his or her ability to take part actively in more complex social community Jersild, 1955, para. 194. Children whose parents restrict them from
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being socializing with other people will have lesser growth compared to those
who are freed to get in touch with others in parental monitor.
An important aspect of social behavior and of the development of self- understanding is the development of awareness of others and their concerns.
Jersild 1955 says that the progress toward social maturity does not sophisticatedly depend on ability to go through the motions of taking part in
increasingly complex social enterprises. Otherwise; it is also on the development of appreciation of other persons, either. To enter into a relationship where there is
mutuality, a common purpose, and genuine interaction, it is necessary for a person to be able to be responsive to others and their wishes, needs and intentions. There
must be a degree of sensitivity to the thoughts and feelings of other persons pp. 195-196. Thus, the awareness of others may take the form of a conscious
perception. The use of relationship theories help the descriptions of the relationships
of John Cooper and Catarina de Escobar with the Indians. As he walks on his journey to find a new real life on his own, the social interactions amongst the
Indians insist him with the factors mentioned above in order to gain trust and good relationships. The peer relationship theory will give explanations of how John
Cooper and Catarina de Escobar build their relationships with their peer mates.
2.1.6 Psychological Perspectives of Gender Gender Stereotype
