Subjects of the Research

Process validity meant that actions that are done in the research arebelievable Burns, in Madya 2006:40. To get the process validity, the researcher collects the data by doing observation, and notes during the research runs. The researcher notes anything that happens in the teaching learning process of grade X of MAN LAB UIN Yogyakarta. It means that during the research, the researcher observeses the participants of the research, the researcher focusess her attention only on anything that could be caught by the researcher’s senses. d. Catalytic Validity The catalytic validity is related to how the stakeholders respond to the changes occurring to themselves. Burns, in madya, 2006: 43. The researcher gets the catalytic validity through the cycle of the action plans, implementation and its observation, and reflection that are done at grade X of MAN LAB UIN Yogyakarta. e. Dialogic validity Dialogic validity means that the stakeholders could participate in the process of the research.Burns, in Madya 2006 : 44. To get the dialogic validity, the researcher does the peer review in action research. It would mean dialogue with practitioner peers, either through collaborative enquiry or reflective dialogue with “critical friends” or other practitioner researchers who can act as “devil’s advocates”.To enhance the trustworthiness of the data and the subjectivity in analyzing the data, the researcher uses triangulation. Burns states that triangulation is a way of arguing that if different methods of investigation produce the same result then the date is likely to be valid. Furthermore, Burns 1999:164 proposes four forms of triangulation. They are as follows: a. Time triangulation Time triangulation means that data are collected at one point in time or over period of time to get a sense of what factors are involved in the change process. b. Space triangulation In this form, data are collected across different subgroups of people to avoid the limitation of studies conducted within one group. c. Investigator triangulation In this way, more than one observer is involved in the same research setting to avoid the bias interpretation. d. Theoretical triangulation In this form, the data are analyzed from more than one perspective. The researcher analyzes the data based on more than one theoretical review in interpreting the data.

I. Research Procedure

In conducting the action research, there were some procedures that must be followed for each cycle, those procedures were: 1. Determining the thematic concern Reconnaissance The researcher identified the problems from the observations, questionnaires, and interviews conducted by the research members. Then the researcher made a list of identified problem. Then the all research members discussed to choose the problems that are very urgent and manageable to overcome.