Subjects of the Research
Process validity meant that actions that are done in the research arebelievable Burns, in Madya 2006:40. To get the process validity, the
researcher collects the data by doing observation, and notes during the research runs. The researcher notes anything that happens in the teaching
learning process of grade X of MAN LAB UIN Yogyakarta. It means that during the research, the researcher observeses the participants of the research,
the researcher focusess her attention only on anything that could be caught by the researcher’s senses.
d. Catalytic Validity
The catalytic validity is related to how the stakeholders respond to the changes occurring to themselves. Burns, in madya, 2006: 43. The researcher
gets the catalytic validity through the cycle of the action plans, implementation and its observation, and reflection that are done at grade X of MAN LAB UIN
Yogyakarta. e.
Dialogic validity Dialogic validity means that the stakeholders could participate in the
process of the research.Burns, in Madya 2006 : 44. To get the dialogic validity, the researcher does the peer review in action research. It would mean
dialogue with practitioner peers, either through collaborative enquiry or reflective dialogue with “critical friends” or other practitioner researchers who
can act as “devil’s advocates”.To enhance the trustworthiness of the data and the subjectivity in analyzing the data, the researcher uses triangulation. Burns
states that triangulation is a way of arguing that if different methods of investigation produce the same result then the date is likely to be valid.
Furthermore, Burns 1999:164 proposes four forms of triangulation. They are as follows:
a. Time triangulation
Time triangulation means that data are collected at one point in time or over period of time to get a sense of what factors are involved in the change process.
b. Space triangulation
In this form, data are collected across different subgroups of people to avoid the limitation of studies conducted within one group.
c. Investigator triangulation
In this way, more than one observer is involved in the same research setting to avoid the bias interpretation.
d. Theoretical triangulation
In this form, the data are analyzed from more than one perspective. The researcher analyzes the data based on more than one theoretical review in
interpreting the data.