Conclusions Suggestions CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

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CHAPTER IV CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

A. Conclusions

After analyzing the dialogues, the writer would like to state conclusion about code mixing in Club Camilan novel and the function of code mixing. Writer found most of code mixing that used in this novel are because of social factor that influence the characters which live in metropolitan society inside his novel, for them there is normal to speaks with the other and mix some language with the other. Beside the social factor, code mixing in this novel use for prestige. Generally code switching is the process when people , then, are usually required to select a particular language whenever they choose to speak and they may also decided to switch from one language to another language or to mix the language even within sometimes very short utterance. There are two types of code switching and code mixing: situational and metaphorical. Situational happens if the switch or the mix of code occur in different topic and metaphorical happens when code switch or mix occur in single topic.

B. Suggestions

After concluding this research, in code mixing all of the data are metaphorical codes mixing. The writer would like to suggest to whom are interested in studying of code switching and code mixing especially in the novel, the reader should understand the types and function of the code switching and code mixing use. I also suggest to the readers especially the students of English letter department to study and discuss about code switching and code mixing in order to know that there are many cases of code switching and code mixing of a language in the text literature, one of the example is in this novel, because this cases sometimes confuse us to read and understand it. It is not only in literary works code switching and mixing happens but also in daily life, such as Radio; television, internet and other media of communication. BIBLIOGRAFI Bounvillain,Nancy. 2003. 4 th edition, Language, Culture and Communication, The Meaning Messages, New Jersey; Prentice Hall. Bhatia, T. K., Ritchie, W. C. 2004, Social and Psychological Factors in Language Mixing. UK: Blackwell Publishing. Donna Talitha, Bella Widjaja and Brigitta NS. 2009, Club Camilan, Jakarta; Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Ferguson, Charles A. 1964, language in Culture and Society. New York: Dell Hymes. Fishman, Joshua. 1972, Language in Sociocultural Change. Standford: Standford University Press. Florian Coulmas. 2005.Sociolinguistics, The Study Of Speakers’ Choices, New York: Cambridge University Press. Grosjean, François. 1982, Life With Two Language, Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Hoffman, Charlotte. 1991, An Intreoduction to Bilingualism, New York: Longman. Holmes, Janet. 1992, An Introduction to Sociolinguistics, New York: Longman. Mauriel Saville-Troike. 1892, The Ethnography of Communication, UK: Basil Blackwell. Muhammad Farkhan. 2006, Penulisan Karya Ilmiah, Jakarta: Cella. Newmeyer, Frederick J. 1994, Language: The Socio-Cultural Context, New York: Cambridge University Press. R. A. Hudson, 1996. 2 nd edition, Sociolinguistics, Cambridge University Press. Romaine, Suzzane. 2000, Bilingualism, UK: Black Publisher. Syafi’ie, I. 1981, Diglossia dan Situasi Kebahasaan di Indonesia. Warta Scientia, Vivian Cook, 1997. 3 rd edition, Second Language Learning and Language Teaching, New York:Oxford University Press. Wardaugh, Ronald. 2002. 4 th edition,An Introduction to sociolinguistics, Massachutes: Blackwell. Websites www.camilansepocikopi.blogspot.com www.wikipedia.com SYNOPSIS CODE MIXING IN CLUB CAMILAN NOVEL Dewi Pusfitasari 105026000970 ENGLISH LETTER DEPARTMENT THE FACULTY OF LETTERS AND HUMANITIES STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA 2010 SYNOPSIS A. Background of the Study Language plays a great part in our life. Perhaps because of its familiarity, we rarely observe it, taking it rather for granted, as we do breathing or walking. 1 From that quotation we can conclude that we cannot be separated with language. We need language to communicate so that communication can be happen. In daily life people interact with each other using one or more than one language. Many communities use two or more varieties of language. The way of people talking is in influenced by the social context in which they are living in every social group who has more than one way of talking than others in the same group. They talk differently in different situation. Code Switching [is] the use of two or more linguistic varieties in the same conversation or interaction. 2 In Indonesia which is multilingual, it is common to hear some people speaking in English and most of people will have no objection to admit since English is an international language. In metropolitan city like Jakarta, it is very common to hear people speak in English although it might be not pronounced in a correct way or sometimes people mix it with Indonesian words. 1 Leonard Bloomfield, Language, London: Museum Street, 1950, p.3 2 Franςois Grosjean, Life with two languages, London: Harvard University Press, 1982, p.145 Crystal D in the Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language 1987 suggests that code, or language, switching occurs when an individual who is bilingual alternates between two languages during hisher speech with another bilingual person. A person who is bilingual may be said to be one who is able to communicate, to varying extents, in a second language. This includes those who make irregular use of a second language, are able to use a second language but have not for some time dormant bilingualism or those who have considerable skill in a second language. This case happens in Indonesian people who interact with many other people from many countries that live here. People tend to use code mixing and code switching for many reasons. One of them use code mixing and code switching for prestige. There are some factors influencing someone to switch or mix the codes, particularly the codes used in their oral or written communication. Not only in daily life, the phenomena of code mixing and code switching also happen in Indonesian literary work for example Club Camilan written by Donna Talitha, Bella Widjaja, Brigitta NS. The main character in this novel use code switching and code mixing which this paper attempts to describe. In the 1940s and the 1950s many scholars called code-switching a sub- standard language usage. Since the 1980s, however, most scholars have recognised it is a normal, natural product of bilingual and multilingual language use. 3 Club Camilan is one of literary works in Indonesia, the main character in this novel use code switching and code mixing. Club Camilan is a novel about three girls who lived with their sexual orientation that makes them called lesbian. They have to face the truth that the society can not just receive their sexual orientation. Every relationship they had made with another lesbian must not have a happy ending. People specially their family are against their sexual orientation. This novel uses metropolitan ad educated society as a background of the story which habitually use code switching and code mixing in their daily conversation.

B. Research Methodology