Background of the Study

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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Study

Language plays a great part in our life. Perhaps because of its familiarity, we rarely observe it, taking it rather for granted, as we do breathing or walking. 1 From that quotation we can conclude that we cannot be separated with language. We need language to communicate so that communication can be happen. In daily life people interact with each other using one or more than one language. Many communities use two or more varieties of language. The way of people talking is in influenced by the social context in which they are living in every social group who has more than one way of talking than others in the same group. They talk differently in different situation. Code Switching [is] the use of two or more linguistic varieties in the same conversation or interaction. 2 In Indonesia which is multilingual, it is common to hear some people speaking in English and most of people will have no objection to admit since English is an international language. In metropolitan city like Jakarta, it is very common to hear people speak in English although it might be not pronounced in a correct way or sometimes people mix it with Indonesian words. 1 Leonard Bloomfield, Language, London: Museum Street, 1950, p.3 2 Franςois Grosjean, Life with two languages, London: Harvard University Press, 1982, p.145 People can speak English without paying attention to the grammar. The process of the combination or mixing language happens naturally in our society, people sometimes switch code within domain or social situation. When there is some obvious change in the situation such as the arrival of a new person, it is easy to explain the situation switch code. Crystal D in the Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language 1987 suggests that code, or language, switching occurs when an individual who is bilingual alternates between two languages during hisher speech with another bilingual person. A person who is bilingual may be said to be one who is able to communicate, to varying extents, in a second language. This includes those who make irregular use of a second language, are able to use a second language but have not for some time dormant bilingualism or those who have considerable skill in a second language. This case happens in Indonesian people who interact with many other people from many countries that live here. People tend to use code mixing and code switching for many reasons. One of them use code mixing and code switching for prestige. There are some factors influencing someone to switch or mix the codes, particularly the codes used in their oral or written communication. Not only in daily life, the phenomena of code mixing and code switching also happen in Indonesian literary work for example Club Camilan novel written by Donna Talitha, Bella Widjaja, Brigitta NS. The main character in this novel use code switching and code mixing which this paper attempts to describe. Bhatia and Ritchie said that code-mixing refers to the mixing of various linguistic units morphemes, words, modifiers, phrases, clauses and sentences primarily from two participating grammatical systems within a sentence. More specifically, code-mixing is intrasentential and is constrained by grammatical principles. It may also be motivated by social psychological factors. 3 The writer founds the code mixing process in this novel motivated by social psychological factors. They use it for prestige, to make people arround know that they can speak english because mostly the English that use in this novel has exact meaning in Bahasa Indonesia and the communican also Indonesian. Club Camilan is one of literary works in Indonesia, the main character in this novel use code switching and code mixing. Club Camilan is a novel about three girls who lived with their sexual orientation that makes them called lesbian. They have to face the truth that the society can not just receive their sexual orientation. Every relationship they had made with another lesbian must not have a happy ending. People specially their family are against their sexual orientation. This novel uses metropolitan ad educated society as a background of the story which habitually use code mixing in their daily conversation.

B. Focus Of The Study