21
CHAPTER III RESEARCH FINDINGS
A. Data Descriptions
The novel Club Camilan tells about three girls who lived with their sexual disorientation that makes them called lesbian. They have to face the truth that the
society can not just receive their sexual orientation. Every relationship they had made with another lesbian does not have a happy ending in this novel. People -
specially their family- are against their sexual orientation. This novel uses three parts of story which each of them characterize by
three different characters; Bee in part Bolu, Donna in part Donat and Nies in part Brownies. This novel uses metropolitan and educated society as a background of
the story which habitually use code switching and code mixing in their daily conversation.
Writer tries to analyze 22 dialogs in chapter Bolu that uses code mixing. According to Fasold’s criterion, if a person uses a word or a phrase from another
language while he uses one language he has mixed. But if one language has the grammar of one language and the next is constructed according to the grammar of
another, a switch has occurred. The writer also uses Bhatia and Ritchie theory about code-mixing refers to the mixing of various linguistic units morphemes,
words, modifiers, phrases, clauses and sentences primarily from two participating grammatical systems within a sentence. More specifically, code-mixing is
intrasentential and is constrained by grammatical principles. It may also be
motivated by social psychological factors. Based on that criterion, the tabulated data from the novel are classified into code mixing. The data description consists
of the data types and their examples. Here are the dialogs which will be analyzed in this paper:
a Eve
: “Bee, sori, nanti malam aku mesti nemenin Mila. Dia butuh teman, putusnya messy. Kamu ikut aja ya.”
Bee : “OK. Nanti aku temani kamu.” p.202 Line 8
b Tio : “Cowokmu gak hubungin kamu lagi? Ngajak balik misalnya?”
Bee : “Nggak tuh pak. Untunglah, karena saya nggak kuat lagi
menanggung emotional cost-nya.” p.204 line 8 c
Bee : “Eve, kalau aku diculik alien sekarang, kamu juga nggak
tau kali, ya?” Eve
: “hah? Apa, honey?” p.206 Line 3 d
Tio : “ Bee, bisa minum juga kamu.”
Bee :
“Nggak kok, pak, Cuma social drinker tadi.” p. 164 Line 23
e Eve
: “Aduh, Bee. Aku gak bisa lunch nih. Masih sibuk banget.” Bee
: “Ya, nggak apa-apa deh. Kamu kerja aja, aku bisa nelpon Lisa, ngajak dia pergi.” P. 171 Line 15
f Bee
: “Masih single kok….” Bobby
: “Gara-gara dia kamu putus sama Rico?” p.210 Line 9 g
Bee : “Eve, kita putus aja ya...”
Eve : “Bee, not again… Please deh. Kamu tuh cemburuan
banget sih? Norak tau, pacaran seperti ini. Dikit-dikit cemburu” P. 211 line 11
h Bee
: “Oh, nggak kok, Pak. Cuma kaget aja, kok mendadak.” Tio
: “Ya, namanya emergency kan nggak bisa diduga…” p.213 Line 5
i Tio : “Saya pikir lesbian-lesbian itu biasanya tomboi. Kamu kan girly
girl begini.” Bee
: “Bapak kurang gaul sih. Gaulnya sama lelaki aja” p.221 Line 20
j Bee
: “ Dia… bohongin aku… selingkuh,” Cinthya
: “menurut kakak, dia nggak layak buat kamu. Bukan karena dia perempuan, tapi feeling kakak bilang, dia gak cukup baik
buat kamu. Dan kakak rasa dia gak pantas kamu tangisi.” p. 170 Line 24
k Mam
: “Jadi? Bener pacar baru kamu itu bosmu?” Bee
: “Jawabannya tetep sama mam. Nggak ada apa-apa. At least, belum ada apa-apa. Aku dan Pak Tio cuma ngobrol.
Temenan.”p.223 Line 12 l
Bee : Eve, aduh, sori ya, aku lupa janjian sama kamu.”
Eve : “Nggak apa-apa, lagi. No biggie. Klo kamu memang sibuk
bisa ditunda kok…” m
Bee : ”lagian kamu bukan siapa-siapanya aku”
Rico : “Maafkan aku ya. Tadi aku terlalu mendesak kamu. Take
your time. Kalau udah nggak bete, kita hang out lagi ya?” p.146 Line 17
n Eve
: “Oke deh. Mwuah. Mwuah, love you, hon.” Bee
: “Love you too.” p. 151 Line 15 o
Bee : “”
Eve : “Maafin aku ya sweety Bee. Nggak seharusnya aku
membentak kamu. I’m sorry, Bee.” p.152 Line 9 p
Bee : “Ya, pak. Saya lesbian.”
Tio : “Bee, ingat ya, being guy does not define who you are.
What is inside you is the most important.”p.196 Line 31 q
Tio : “Happy weekend, Bee.”
Bee : “ Thanks, Pak. Happy weekend too.” p.209 Line 9
r Bee
: “Iya nih, Pak. Saya punya keponakan pertama. Saya baru mau menjenguk di rumah sakit.”
Tio : “Congratulations, Bee. Rumah sakit mana?” p.209 Line
12 s
Rico : “ why so serious bee? Becandaaa….”
Bee : “nggak lucu p. 133 Line 20
t Bee
: “Oke, jam 6 ya.” Eve
: “ Bee, you really are something Mana ada sih urusan kerja weekend di Bandung?…” p.213 Line 12
u Bee
: “Bapak kurang gaul sih. Gaulnya sama lelaki aja”
Tio : “Your secret is safe with me, Bee,” p.221 Line 22
v Bobby
: “Bee, hati-hati lho, pacaran sekantor, sama bos, lagi. Don’t shit where you eat”
Bee : “I don’t” p.223 Line 4
B. Data Analysis
The data above are dialogs that happen in the novel and have been chosen by the writer as the sample of the dialogs which use code mixing. The
characters in that dialogs are Bee, Tio, Eve, Rico and Bobby. The writer classified the data into code mixing. Then the writer finds out the types and
function of code mixing as follows: a
Data 1 1.
Eve : “Bee, sori, nanti malam aku mesti nemenin Mila. Dia butuh teman, putusnya messy. Kamu ikut aja ya.”
Bee : “OK. Nanti aku temani kamu.” p.202 Line 8 Analysis:
Based on Fasold’s criteria about code mixing, the dialog above uses code mixing because Eve uses word “messy” from English language while she uses
Bahasa Indonesia in her dialog. The code mixing type of data above is metaphorical code mixing because it
occurs in a single situation but adds meaning to such componenets as the role relationships which are being expressed. The function of the code mixing above is
to eliminate ambiguity because in Bahasa Indonesia messy means morat-marit and it’s unusual to use morat-marit to express this kind of situation.
b Data 2
The dialog happens between Bee and Tio Tio
: “Cowokmu gak hubungin kamu lagi? Ngajak balik misalnya?” Bee
: “Nggak tuh pak. Untunglah, karena saya nggak kuat lagi menanggung emotional cost-nya.” p.204 line 8
Analysis: Based on Fasold’s criteria about code mixing, the dialog above uses code
mixing because Bee uses a phrase “emotional cost” from English language while she uses Bahasa Indonesia in her dialog.
This dialog is metaphorical code mixing type because it occurs in a single situation; the second sentence from Bee explains the first sentence she says. The
emotional cost here used to eliminate ambiguity because in Bahasa Indonesia there is no exact translation yet about emotional-cost.
c Data 3
Bee : “Eve, kalau aku diculik alien sekarang, kamu juga nggak tau kali,
ya?” Eve
: “hah? Apa, honey?” p.206 Line 3 Analysis:
Based on Fasold’s criteria about code mixing, the dialog above uses code mixing because Eve uses word “honey” from English language while she call Bee
in her Indonesian language dialog.
This dialog is a metaphorical code mixing because it occurs when within a single situation, but adds meaning to such componenets as the role relationships
which are being expressed.The function of word “honey” in this dialog is as group identification. The word honey is a call from Eve to Bee in their group.
d Data 4
Tio : “ Bee, bisa minum juga kamu.”
Bee : “ Nggak kok, pak, Cuma social drinker tadi.” p. 164 Line 23
Analysis: Based on Fasold’s criteria about code mixing, the dialog above uses code
mixing because Bee uses a phrase “social drinker” from English language while she explains the reason of her drink.
This dialog is a metaphorical code mixing type because Bee uses the word “social drinker” to explain the same topic of her first statement. This code mixing
uses to Strengthen request to explain the statement if Bee isn’t addicted of alcohol.
e Data 5
Eve : “Aduh, Bee. Aku gak bisa lunch nih. Masih sibuk banget.”
Bee : “Ya, nggak apa-apa deh. Kamu kerja aja, aku bisa nelpon Lisa,
ngajak dia pergi.” P. 171 Line 15 Analysis:
Based on Fasold’s criteria about code mixing, the dialog above uses code mixing because Eve uses word “lunch” from English language while she use the
grammar of Bahasa indonesia. This is a metaphorical code mixing dialog because Eve’s dialog has one
topic that she can’t go out for lunch. Eve’s uses this code mixing to soften the sentence.
f Data 6
Bee : “Masih single kok….”
Bobby : “Gara-gara dia kamu putus sama Rico?” p.210 Line 9 Analysis:
Based on Fasold’s criteria about code mixing, the dialog above uses code mixing because Bee uses word “single” from English language while she uses
Bahasa Indonesia in her dialog to explain Tio’s status. Bee uses word “single” to strengthen the point of her statement about
Tio’s marital status. The statement only talks about Tio’s status that in this case which call metaphorical code mixing.
g Data 7
Bee : “Eve, kita putus aja ya...”
Eve : “Bee, not again… Please deh. Kamu tuh cemburuan banget sih?
Norak tau, pacaran seperti ini. Dikit-dikit cemburu” P. 211 line 11 Analysis:
Based on Fasold’s criteria about code mixing, the dialog above uses code mixing because Eve uses word “please” from English language than continue by
word “deh” from Bahasa Indonesia in her dialog. The code mixing that Eve uses is a metaphorical code mixing because the
language doesn’t change the topic. In the first statement Eve complain about Bee’s statement about break up but the second paragraph she upset about the
jealously which not make a sense for Eve. The code mixing here uses to redefinition a situation that ever happens before.
h Data 8
Bee : “Oh, nggak kok, Pak. Cuma kaget aja, kok mendadak.”
Tio : “Ya, namanya emergency kan nggak bisa diduga…” p.213 Line
5 Analysis:
Based on Fasold’s criteria about code mixing, the dialog above uses code mixing because Eve uses word “emergency” from English language while he uses
Bahasa Indonesia in her dialog. This is a metaphorical code mixing because Tio and Bee is discussing the
same topic about the sudden job they have to do. The word “emergency” in this dialog uses to soften the word “darurat” in Bahasa Indonesia.
i Data 9
Tio : “Saya pikir lesbian-lesbian itu biasanya tomboi. Kamu kan girly
girl begini.” Bee
: “Bapak kurang gaul sih. Gaulnya sama lelaki aja” p.221 Line 20 Analysis:
Based on Fasold’s criteria about code mixing, the dialog above uses code mixing because Tio uses a phrase “girly girl” to describe Bee from English
language while he tells Bee his opinion about lesbian in Bahasa Indonesia. This dialog is metaphorical code mixing because “girly girl” function here
is to compare the first sentence which said that lesbian usually boyish but Bee looks girly. The function of this code mixing is to strengthen request or command
which strengthen the first sentence on this dialog about lesbian that he thought.
j Data 10
Bee : “ Dia… bohongin aku… selingkuh,”
Cinthya: “menurut kakak, dia nggak layak buat kamu. Bukan karena dia perempuan, tapi feeling kakak bilang, dia gak cukup baik buat kamu. Dan
kakak rasa dia gak pantas kamu tangisi.” p. 170 Line 24 Analysis:
Based on Fasold’s criteria about code mixing, the dialog above is using code mixing because Cinthya uses word “feeling” from English language while
she uses Bahasa Indonesia on her opinion about Bee’s girl friend.
This is a metaphorical code mixing where Cinthya tries to explain her feeling about Bee’s girlfriend. The function of this code mixing is to show the
informal situation that Cinthya tries to build.
k Data 11
Mam : “Jadi? Bener pacar baru kamu itu bosmu?” Bee
: “Jawabannya tetep sama mam. Nggak ada apa-apa. At least, belum ada apa-apa. Aku dan Pak Tio Cuma ngobrol. Temenan.”p.223
Line 12 Analysis:
Based on Fasold’s criteria about code mixing, the dialog above uses code mixing because Bee uses phrase “at least” from English language while she uses
Bahasa Indonesia in her dialog. This is a metaphorical code mixing because it has one topic, about Bee’s
relationship status with her boss. The function of this code as a repair strategy as we can see in the second sentence of Bee’s dialog she says “nggak ada apa-apa”,
then she uses “at least” to repair her statement from “nggak ada apa-apa”, to “belum ada apa-apa”.
l Data 12
Bee : Eve, aduh, sori ya, aku lupa janjian sama kamu.”
Eve : “Nggak apa-apa, lagi. No biggie. Klo kamu memang sibuk bisa
ditunda kok…” p.137 Line 9.
Analysis: Bhatia and Ritchie said that code-mixing refers to the mixing of various
linguistic units morphemes, words, modifiers, phrases, clauses and sentences primarily from two participating grammatical systems within a sentence, more
specifically, code-mixing. The dialog above uses code mixing because basically Eve speaks in Indonesian language then she participates “no biggie” in her
sentence. This is a metaphorical code mixing, because the word “no biggie” used to
strengthen request. In this case it strengthen eve’s first statement “nggak apa-apa, lagi” Eve makes sure if that is ok and no need to make the problem bigger than it
should be.
m Data 13
Bee : “ Lagian kamu bukan siapa-siapanya aku”
Rico : “Maafkan aku ya. Tadi aku terlalu mendesak kamu. Take your
time. Kalau udah nggak bete, kita hang out lagi ya?” p.146 Line 17 Analysis:
Bhatia and Ritchie said that code-mixing refers to the mixing of various linguistic units morphemes, words, modifiers, phrases, clauses and sentences
primarily from two participating grammatical systems within a sentence, more specifically, code-mixing. In this dialog Rico uses code mixing because basically
he speaks in Indonesian language and use Indonesian language grammar then he switch into English language “take your time”.
This dialog is a metaphorical code mixing because it uses to redefine a situation that has already been mentioned. In the first sentence Rico apologize
about pushing Bee too much and ask Bee to take her time, after that he ask Bee if she want to go with him again when she fell better. The dialog talks about the
same topic, about using time wisely.
n Data 14
Eve : “Oke deh. Mwuah. Mwuah, love you, hon.”
Bee : “Love you too.” p. 151 Line 15
Analysis: Bhatia and Ritchie said that code-mixing refers to the mixing of various
linguistic units morphemes, words, modifiers, phrases, clauses and sentences primarily from two participating grammatical systems within a sentence, more
specifically, code-mixing. The dialog above uses code mixing because basically Bee speaks in Indonesian language but she answer Eve with English language
“love you too”. This dialog included in metaphorical code mixing because it occurs in the
same situation. The function of this code mixing is to strengthen the kiss that Eve’s give as the expression of love.
o Data 15
Bee : “”
Eve : “Maafin aku ya sweety Bee. Nggak seharusnya aku membentak
kamu. I’m sorry, Bee.” p.152 Line 9 Analysis:
Bhatia and Ritchie said that code-mixing refers to the mixing of various linguistic units morphemes, words, modifiers, phrases, clauses and sentences
primarily from two participating grammatical systems within a sentence, more specifically, code-mixing. The dialog above uses code mixing because basically
Eve speaks in Indonesian language then she say “I’m sorry” from English language.
This is a metaphorical code mixing which talk about the same topic: feeling guilty about something that had been done before. The guilty feeling strengthen
by the sorry which shows she regret it.
p Data 16
Bee : “Ya, pak. Saya lesbian.”
Tio : “Bee, ingat ya, being guy does not define who you are. What is
inside you is the most important.”p.196 Line 31 Analysis:
Bhatia and Ritchie said that code-mixing refers to the mixing of various linguistic units morphemes, words, modifiers, phrases, clauses and sentences
primarily from two participating grammatical systems within a sentence, more specifically, code-mixing. The dialog above uses code mixing because in this
dialog Tio use Indonesian language then he switch into English language “what is inside you is the most important”.
This is a metaphorical code mixing where Tio in his dialog tries to define what the most important than just a sexual orientation. This code mixing uses to soften
the meaning of being someone.
q Data 17
Tio : “happy weekend, Bee”
Bee : “happy weekend too.”p.146 Line 17
Bhatia and Ritchie said that code-mixing refers to the mixing of various linguistic units morphemes, words, modifiers, phrases, clauses and sentences
primarily from two participating grammatical systems within a sentence, more specifically, code-mixing. The dialog above uses code mixing because basically
both Tio and Bee speak in Indonesian language but in this dialog they use English language.
This is a metaphorical code mixing where Tio greet Bee in the end of their work time and Bee answers it. Both of them are in the same time and situation
after work.
r Data 18
Bee : “Iya nih, Pak. Saya punya keponakan pertama. Saya baru mau
menjenguk di rumah sakit.” Tio
: “Congratulations, Bee. Rumah sakit mana?” p.209 Line 12
Analysis: Bhatia and Ritchie said that code-mixing refers to the mixing of various
linguistic units morphemes, words, modifiers, phrases, clauses and sentences primarily from two participating grammatical systems within a sentence, more
specifically, code-mixing. The dialog above uses code mixing because basically Tio speaks in Indonesian language but he says congratulation to Bee in English
language. This is a metaphorical code mixing because it has two sentences it still talk
about Bee’s nephew. This code has a function to shows solidarity between friend, not between boss and employer.
s Data 19
Rico : “why so serious Bee? Becandaaa….”
Bee : “nggak lucu p. 133 Line 20
Analysis: This is a code mixing based on Nancy Bounvillain’s book about language that
says code mixing is linguistic process that incorporates material from a second language into a base language, adding morphological markers of the base to
introduced elements. This is a metaphorical code mixing because it still in one topic. The function
of this code mixing is to give a humorous effect which shows what Rico says not serious.
t Data 20
Bee : “Oke, jam 6 ya.”
Eve : “ Bee, you really are something Mana ada sih urusan kerja
weekend di Bandung?…” p.213 Line 12 Analysis:
Bhatia and Ritchie said that code-mixing refers to the mixing of various linguistic units morphemes, words, modifiers, phrases, clauses and sentences
primarily from two participating grammatical systems within a sentence, more specifically, code-mixing. The dialog above uses code mixing because basically
Eve speaks in Indonesian language but she angry to Bee in English language. The first sentence of Eve’s dialog talk about how disappointed Eve with Bee’s
unacceptable reason and the second sentence explain her reason for disappointed. That is why this dialog included in metaphorical code mixing which has function
to strengthen the first command.
u Data 21
Bee : “Bapak kurang gaul sih. Gaulnya sama lelaki aja”
Tio : “Your secret is safe with me, Bee,” p.221 Line 22
Analysis: Bhatia and Ritchie said that code-mixing refers to the mixing of various
linguistic units morphemes, words, modifiers, phrases, clauses and sentences primarily from two participating grammatical systems within a sentence, more
specifically, code-mixing. In here Tio uses English sentence as the linguistic unit
of his dialog whether basically he speaks Indonesian language as his mother tongue.
The code mixing type of this dialog is situational code mixing because Tio talks about keeping Bee’s secret safe when Bee give humorous effect about his
social life. The function of this code mixing is to exclude other people within hearing if a comment intended for only a limited audience, Tio and Bee.
v Data 22
Bobby : “Bee, hati-hati lho, pacaran sekantor, sama bos, lagi. Don’t shit
where you eat” Bee
: “I don’t” p.223 Line 4 Analysis:
Bhatia and Ritchie said that code-mixing refers to the mixing of various linguistic units morphemes, words, modifiers, phrases, clauses and sentences
primarily from two participating grammatical systems within a sentence, more specifically, code-mixing. The dialog above uses code mixing because basically
Bobby speaks in Indonesian language then he switch into English language in his last statement.
Bobby tries to explain the reason of Bee should be careful about her relationship with her boss that is why this dialog included in metaphorical code
mixing. The function of this code mixing is as a direct quotation of a warning.
36
CHAPTER IV CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
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