object, act, event, time, goal, and feeling.
52
In this case, the researcher chooses the object of the observation around three main elements: the actor including teacher
and students, the activity i ludi g tea he s pe fo a e a d stude ts attitude i
doing information-gap activity, and the feeling including the emotional felt and expressed by the students concerning the use of information-gap activity.
3. Test
The tests used in this research are pre-test and post-test. Pre-test is carried out before information-gap activity is applied. However, post-test is carried out after the
implementation of information-gap activity in the end of each cycle. Both pre-test and post-test are presented in the form of multiple choices.
I. The Technique of Data Analysis
Since there are two kinds of data collecting, the technique of data analysis is divided into two different ways. For the qualitative data including observation and
interview are analyzed by using Miles and Huberman Model which consists of three steps: reducing the data taken from the result of instrument of the research,
displaying the data in the form of systematic sentence and narrative text, and the last drawing conclusions.
53
However, the quantitative data is analyzed by descriptive statisti , i hi h the esea he atte pts to get the a e age s o e of stude ts
grammar test, the improvement of stu de ts “i ple Past Te se s o e, a d the
percentage of the students get 70 score and above. The following is the analyzing of the quantitative data by using statistic
descriptive: The fi st step is a al zi g the a e age s o e of stude ts g a
a test i each cycle, the researcher uses formula:
54
52
Sugiyono, Memahami Penelitian Kualitatif, Bandung: Alfabeta, 2005, pp. 68-69.
53
Sugiyono, Memahami Penelitian Kualitatif, Bandung: Alfabeta, 2005, p.91
54
Sudjana, Metoda Statistika, Bandung: PT. Tarsito, 2002, p. 67.
X
: mean
∑x
i
: total score n
: number of students Afte a al zi g the a e age s o e of stude ts test, the ite dete i es the
stude ts pe e tage that gets s o e of ≥ as passi g-grade score which is widely known as Minimum Mastery Criterion
– Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal KKM - by the formula:
P : the stude ts percentage F : total students with score 70 and above
N : number of students The last, a al zi g the i p o e e t of stude ts “i ple Past Te se s o e i
cycle 1 and cycle 2 are obtained from normalization gain score:
55
S
f
: mean of post-test S
i
: mean of pre-test
55
Lia Yuliati, Pe ge
a ga P og a Pe elaja a u tuk Me i gkatka Ke a pua A al
Me gaja Gu u Fisika , dess., Bandung: Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, 2005, p.92.
n xi
X
N F
P
x 100
100
Si
Si Sf
Gain N
