The Interpretation of Data

increase their mastery in Simple Past Tense by using this activity under the consideration as follow: Based on the data analysis done by the writer, she finds that there are only five students or 16.42 who could pass the Minimum Mastery Criterion KKM before the intervention is carried out. Moreover, on the cycle 1 there are twelve students who got score of 70 and above or 42.86 from the total number of the students. Since the improvement of students‟ score of Simple Past Tense by using N-Gain formula is categorized low g = 0.28, so that the writer and the teacher still need to improve it by moving to the cycle 2. Furthermore, on the cycle 2 there are twenty students who get score of 70 and above or 71.42 students who can pass the Minimum Mastery Criterion KKM. The impro vement of students‟ score in Simple Past Tense form the pre-test to second post-test is 0.53. The calculation of g =0.53 is categorized medium improvement. Since more than 70 from the total number of students pass the Minimum Mastery Criterion KKM seventy score, so that it has reached the success and the intervention is stopped.

B. Recommendation

The writer would like to give some recommendations for teachers. First, Information-Gap Activity will be helpful to conduct communicative class activity as a practice in teaching Simple Past Tense. Second, teachers need to explain the situation and the rule of the activity as clear as possible to students in order that they are not confused how to do it. Third, since Information-Gap Activity provides different worksheet for each student in a pair, teachers need to make sure that students do not look at their pairs‟ worksheet so as to make the activity works well. REFERENCES Arikunto, Suharsismi, et al. Penelitian Tindakan Kelas. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara, 2009. Carr, W, and S. Kemmis. Becoming Critical: Knowing Through Action Research. London: The Falmer Press, 1986. Celce-Murcia, Marianne, ed. Teaching English as a Second or Foreign Language. 3rd ed. Boston: Heinle Heinle, 2001. Celce-Murcia, et.al, The Grammar Book: An ESLEFL Teacher’s Course. Rowley: Newbury House Publisher, 1983. Celce-Murcia, et.al, Technique and Resources in Teaching Grammar. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988. Close, R.A. A Teachers Grammar: An Approach to the Central Problems of English. London: Language Teaching Publication, 1998. Cohen, L, and L. Manion. Research Methods in Education. London: Croom Helm, 1985. Creswell, John W. Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research. 3 rd ed. Saddle River: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2008. Danesi, Marcel. Basic American Grammar and usage : An ESLEFL Handbook. New York: Barron‟s Educational Series, 2006. Eastwood, John. Oxford Practice Grammars With Answers. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999. Elliott, John. Action Reseach for Educational Change. Milton Keynes: Open University Press, 1991. Foley, Mark, and Diane Hall. Advanced Learners’ Grammar: A Self Study Reference and Practice Book with Answers. Essex: Longman, 2003. Foster, Paul. “Information-Gap.” English Teaching Forum Task 53 1999: 75- 81. Harmer, Jeremy. How to Teach English. New ed. Essex: Pearson Education Limited, 2007. Harmer, Jeremy. The Practice of English Language Teaching, Essex: Pearson Education Limited, 2007. Harmer, Jeremy. The Practice of English Language Teaching. 3 th ed. Essex: Longman, 2001. Hornby, A.S. Oxford Advance Learner’s Dictionary. 5 th ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995. Hurford, James R. Grammar: A St udent’s Guide. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994. Joycey, Ed. “Groupwork, The Information gap, and The Individual.” Modern English Teacher 10 1982: 25-26. Kurnianto, Rido, et al. Penelitian Tindakan Kelas. 1st ed. Surabaya: Aprinta, 2009. Kusumah, Wijaya, and Dedi Dwitagma. Mengenal Penelitian Tindakan Kelas. Jakarta: Indeks, 2009. Larsen-Freeman, Diane. Techniques and Principles in Language Teaching. New York: Oxford University Press, 1986. Leech, Geoffrey, and Jan Svartvik. A Communicative Grammar of English. 3 rd ed. Essex: Pearson Education Limited, 2002. Legutke, Michael, and Howard Thomas. Process and Experience in the Language Classroom. London: Longman, 1991. McDonough, Jo, and Christopher Shaw. Materials and Methods in ELT: A Teach er’s Guide. Oxford: Blackwell Publisher, 1993. Michalek, Ewa. “Tense Diagrams.” English Teaching Forum 22 1984: 132-135. Millan, Mc, James H, and Sally Schumacher. Research in Education: Evidence- Based Inquiry, Boston: Pearson Education, 2006. Millward, C.M. A Biography of the English Language. 2 nd ed. Boston: Ted Buchlhlolz, 1996. Morrow, K. Principle of Communicative Methodology. Essex: Longman, 1981. Nunan, David. Designing Task for the Communicative Classroom. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992. Nunan, David. Research Methods in Language Teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992. Pennington, Martha C, ed. New Ways in Teaching Grammar. Alexandria: Teachers Of English To Speakers Of Other Languages Inc, 1995.

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