The Schema of Functional Model
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Beginning Situation
Equilibrium
1st
Transformation Ending
Situation Equilibrium
2nd
QualifyingTest Force
1st
Main Test Disequilibrium
Glorifying Test
Force
2nd
The explanation of the functional schema as follows: 1.
Begining situation Equilibrium
1st
: The first balancing situation when the sender does not have an object. So, this
situasion still calm and peaceful. e. g. Peace 2.
Transformation is a sequence of
subject’s action that has made a contract with the sender to obtain the object through a series of test. Subjects are
represented in situations which change or to the changes of which they react. Transformation divided into three, they are:
a Qualifying Test Force
1st
: a state in which the sender feels disturbed because sender feels lacking something in him her its self, so sender has
a wish to get an object. Sender finds the subject who which can carry out sender’s desire that is through by testing. After subject passes the test
successfully, subject begins subject’s duty to look for an object. In this
situation, the force of opponent begins to invade the subject. Enemy invades
32
Ibid, p.23.
b Main Test Disequilibrium
: a state in which the subject got a lot of obstacles from the oppone
nt in the journey of the subject’s duties. So, this situasion is not balancing. War happens
c Glorifying Test Force
2nd
: a state in which the helper comes then the subject gets an object successfully. But, when he is on the way to go home
giving an object to the sender, the subject gets another obstacle. If the subject can successfully pass this test as the result the subject will get the
glory. In this situation, the force of helper comes to help the subject’s
effort getting the object. Enemy is defeated 3.
Ending Situation Equilibrium
2nd
: The second balancing situation when the subject gives an object to the sender
successfully. So, this situation will be peaceful again in new term situation. Peace on new terms
CHAPTER III RESEARCH FINDINGS
This analysis will be divided into two parts. In the first part describes an analysis the actantial and functional structure in three stories, The Validity of
Love, Bangles and Devadasi. And then, in the second part describes the relation
between actantial and functional structure in each story.
A. Actant and Functional Structure
1. Actant a
The Validity of Love
The intergenerational conflict that occurs in the Validity of Love story is caused by the differences of opinion and mindset between the first and second
generation in two immigrant Indian family, Lata and Supriya’s family. Lata, the main character narrator and Supriya, the representative of the second generation,
have the same problem that they refuse the obligation from their parents in arranged marriage.
Generally, the second generations who were born and grow up in the immigrant land tend to forget their ancestral culture which brought by the first
generation as the result they face identity crisis. According to Hall, identity is “a
matter of „becoming‟ as well as of „being‟”
33
. So, identity is something which
never stops to form and no t only something which ‗being’, but something which
33
Stuart Hall, Cultural Identity and Diaspora, Identity: Community, Culture, Difference, ed. Jonathan Rutherford,
London: Lawrence and Wishart, 1990, p. 225.
continues ‗becoming’. The identity of person leans like a liquid consists of the elements which will accustom in the surrounding culture and not consist of the
clumsy characteristic which prevent from the little of change. According to Frank Parkin’s theory of ‗meaning system’,
34
there are three responses to the culture; they are dominant, negotiable, or oppositional. First, a dominant is disposed to
totally accept one of his or her identity. For instance, if person prefers to be an American, he or she would run all activities based on American culture, ethnic,
and society. Second, a negotiable would not accept the whole of two cultures, such as Indian or American identities but rather negotiate about. Third, an
oppositional is disposed not to respond and to reject one of the identity he or she run in which he or she is not comfortable to present the identity. That is why the
problem of identity crisis appears. Identity crisis is characterized by the presence of in search of identity which includes a kind of ‗project’ over one’s body.
That is why the intergenerational conflict occurs. Lata and Supriya are more interested with the western culture than their original culture, eastern
culture. They have life styles who adapted with western culture. “We had a Ganesha that hung on our threshold, and an ample liquor
cabinet to welcome a steady stream of friends that came for late-night parties and weekend brunches or dropped by after work. We had so
convinced oursel
ves that we were free and American, …” Reddi, 2007: 67
However the characteristic of Lata and Supriya is different. Lata refuses her original culture clearly, although she loves to dance. But Supriya accepts her
34
http:www.aber.ac.ukmediaDocumentsS4Bsem08c.html , accessed on 30
th
April 2011, 07:13 pm.
