Functional Structure Actant and Functional Structure

marriage in the meeting. After that, Sameer calls Supriya to turn back Supriya’s sweater which left in the café when they met. But, Sameer does not only call Supriya in the first time even thought he calls her every night. This cause makes Supriya wants to meet him in Los Angeles. Then, she falls in love with him and decides to get married. The second is main test. Supriya declares to Lata that she wants to get married with Sameer. But, Lata does not agree with that. And then, Supriya and Lata are in quarrel. The third is glorifying test. Supriya offends Lata’s relationship in the past time by talking about the meaning of validity of love to Lata. Supriya’s comment hurts Lata and she goes from apartment The Ending Situation : Finally, Supriya moves to h er parents’ house. They never talks and meet afterwards. Look at appendix 1 2 Functional Structure 2 The schema of actant 4 and 5 relate to develop the story and form the functional structure, as follow: The beginning Situation: Lata feels guilty after Supriya left the apartment. She wants to solve their problems but she is doubtful to attend Supriya’s engagement ceremony. Transformation: the first is qualifying test. Until in the night before Supriya’s engagement ceremony, Lata has not decided to attend Supriya’s engagement ceremony because she frightens that her parents will come there too and she does not want to face them. But, she wants to be with Supriya during her formal engagement. The second is main test. When she arrives in the ceremony, only a few her childhood friend comes there and she also feels self- conscious with her short hair which is not suitable with her Indian cloth. Those are problems make her wanting to go out from there. But, she cannot run away from the problems, she realizes that she must be able to face it. After that, she finds Supriya. The third is glorifying test. Lata walks toward Supriya, and then apologizes to her but Supriya does not apologize to her in return and it makes Lata feeling annoyance. However, she hides her feeling angry. The Ending Situation: Finally Lata and Supriya are peace again and they never talk about their problems. Look at appendix 2 3 Functional Structure 3 The schema of actant 6, 7 and 8 are related to develop story so can form the functional structure, as follow: The Beginning Situation : Supriya’s situation remembers Lata to her relationship which has been broken. Before her relationship broken, her parents ask her to accept the arranging marriage with Santosh, a Canadian doctor. But, she ref uses it because she has a secret relationship with Luke O’Maley. Transformation, the first is qualifying test. After Lata met with Santosh, Luke asks her to tell their relationship to her parents in order that their relationship getting a progress forward. The second is main test. Lata does not have a braveness to be honest with her parents and she is afraid with her parents’ obligation that forces her to obey the Indian marriage tradition which is Indian woman always get arrange marriage and marries with Indian man. Then, Luke breaks off their relationship. After that, Lata becomes sad and regret of her attitude. The third is qualifying test. Lata apologizes to Luke because she does not able to keep their love, it caused of Supriya’s comment which realizes her to do that. She hopes that Luke will give her a second opportunity to build their relationship again. The Ending Situation: Luke perceives her by words that imply the meaning of hope or regret in their next relationship. Look at appendix 3 b Bangles 1 The Functional Structure 1 The schema of actant 1 and 2 are related to develop story and make the functional structure, as follow: The Beginning Situation : Arundahti who is sixty years old lives in America with her son family after her husband died. Transformation, the first is the qualifying test. Venu and Kamlesh, his wife, requests Arundhati to take care of Rahul, her youngest grandson. Arundhati hesitates to do it because she had been long time never takes care of children. But, she realizes that Venu has done his duty so she must return to do his duty too, that is to take care of grandchildren. The second is the main test. Arundhati does not know how to play and to take care of Rahul because she cannot speak English well and Rahul does not understand with her language. Luckily, Tara and Rina, her granddaughter, have a holiday from their school so they help her to take care of Rahul. The third is glorifying test . Rahul begins cries when he asking the juice to her. Tara decides to buy it but Arundhati forbid her to go out from the house so she angry with her. After that, Venu and Kamlesh go home and Rani tells everything that happened. Later, Venu invites Rahul to get some juice and Kamlesh asks Tara to apologize with Arundhati. The Ending Situation: finally, Tara apologizes to Arundhati and Arundhati apologize to Tara too because she does not know everything in the Lexingthon. Look at appendix 4 2 The Functional Structure 2 The schema of actant 3, 4 and 5 are related and form the functional structure, as follow: The Beginning Situation: Arundhati with Venu’s family go to The Sri Laksmi Temple at Asland to do a puja for Arundhati’s husband who had died. Unfortunately, the Brahmin cannot do a puja today and he asks her to come back tomorrow but Arundhati knows that Venu will not want to accompany her tomorrow. After that, Rukmini who is introduced by Venu offers her to go the temple together every Saturday. Arundhati accepts her offering because she knows that her son is not possible to accompany her. Transformation, the first is the qualifying test. Arundhati sees Rahul who acts disrespectful to the goddess. Immediately, Arundhati catches and pulls him toward Venu. Kamlesh blames Arundhati’s act, on the contrary Venu assists Arundhati’s act and he forbids Kamlesh to blame. On the way home, Kamlesh and Arundhati’s grandchildren do not talk with her in the car. The second is the main test. One day, Rahul makes Arundhati becoming shy in the front of Rukmini and Venu’s friend because he kicks Arundhati’s legs and claims that she has broken the crystal vase. This situation makes Arundhati deciding go back to India. The third is glorifying test. Arundhati also feels her attendance is not expected by Kamlesh. But Venu refuses her request because he has a duty to take care of her, this is Indian custom and duty. Then, she requests to Rukmini selling her bangles. The Ending Situation: Arundhati gives the bangles to Rukmini, and then Rukmini wraps Arundhati’s bangles and put them inside her purse. Look at appendix 5 c Devadasi 1 The Functional Structure 1 The schema of actant 1, 2 and 3 are related to form the development of story and make the functional structure, as follow: The Beginning Situation: Uma is sixteen years old when her father takes Uma to India for the first time. S he refuses her father’s asking because she does not want to leave her activity in America and separates from Karl Horrison, her boyfriend. But she makes a deal with her parents to exchange her trips with the dancing lesson in India. And then her parents agree with her deal. Transformation, the first is qualifying tets . After a few days living in India, her mother asks her argument about India. But she does not answer her mother’s question because since arriving in India she never feels comfortable. The second is main test. For the first time, she goes to learn a dance in Guru-ji home where is beyond the boundaries of the Muslim neighborhoods in the old city accompanied by Hafeez. She will perform at arangetram so she learns a dance in India. Upon arriving at Guru- ji’s home she gets a test to show her allaripu dance but she has forgotten how to dance it. The third is glorifying test. And then, Guru-ji together with Raju’s singing shows a few the dance movements of allaripu. Uma follows Guru- ji movements. Immediately, Uma remembers how to dance its dancing. She dances well. The Ending situation: When she dances, for the first time since arriving in India, she feels free. And then Guru-ji praises her dancing. Look at appendix 6 2 Functional Structure 2 The schema of actant 4 and 5 are related to form the functional structure, as follow: The Beginning Situation: In causin father’s wedding ceremony, Uma feels bored and then she decides to walk out from the ceremony. In the outside, she finds Hafeez and they talk together as if they are equals. Transformation, the first is the qualifying test. When Uma and Hafeez talks together in the car with doors open, her parent, her aunts, her grandmothers and Rohini who is her mother’s friend look at her with Hafeez. So, her parents become angry with her but they hide their angry because there are Rohini with her husband. In the next morning, she decides learning her last dance at Guru- ji’s home. The second is main test. As usual Hafeez picks up her to Guru- ji’s home. Before they go, Hafeez advices her to cancel her wishing because in the Old City where Guru-ji and her husband live there are Muslim and Hindu’s riot. But Uma ignores Hafeez’s warning, then they go to the Old City. The third is glorifying test. On the way to Guru- ji’s home, there are the gangs of men who are Muslim gather their car. Hafeez immediately asks her to remove her bindi. Uma obeys his asking and she picks her duppata to cover herself as if she is a Muslim. Later, Hafeez explains their direction and explains the untruth information about Uma. The men trust him and they allow Hafeez and Uma go without hurting them. The Ending Situation: Hafeez turns the car toward Uma’s grandparent’s home. After that, Uma confuse about her identity and where place herself in her home or in the world. So she faces identity crisis in herself. Look at appendix 7

B. The Relationship Between Actans and Functional Structure

1. The Validity of Love a Actans

The correlation between actants in forming the main actant starts from senders which are in the schema of actant 1 and 6, that is the obligation which comes from the letter and news about parents’s obligation to arrange married for their daughter. The object is in the schema of actant 3 relates with the object is in the schema of actant 8, which are Supriya wants to get married with Sameer and Lata wants to get Luke’s love back to her. But, Supriya’s role change in the schema of actant 4, her role exchanges with Lata who becomes the main subject and in this schema is a beginning of conflict, as describes in the schema of actant 5. Supriya accepts her parent’s obligation to married, whereas she thinks that her married with Sameer happened by love not arranging, as describes in the schema of actant 2. Lata who wants her love comes back getting the opponent, as describes in the schema of actant 6 and 7. Then, Lata’s effort to get an object related with the helper in the schema of actant 8. The main of actantial schema in the story of The Validity of Love can be described as follows: Obligation Love Lata Supriya Lata Parents and Indian custom The obligation sender which is from Lata’s parents makes Lata subject trying to get her love object with American man, Luke O’Maley, return. But in trying to get her object, Lata gets the obstacle from her parents and her tradition opponent, and then Supriya helper helps her by realizing her to build her braveness and her conviction becomes mature. b Functional Structure The Beginning Situation: Lata and Supriya live together at the apartment in the South End, then Supriya’s father sends the letter to Supriya about an arrange her marriage with Sameer Murthy, a smart Indian man. Supriya’s problem remembers Lata about her past time when her parents obligated her to get married with Santosh, a success Indian man, but she refused him so her parents never told again with her. Then in the meeting Supriya and Sameer, Supriya successfully refuses him and she gets supports from Lata. But after the meeting, Sameer calls her with the reason that he wants to return Supriya’s sweater which left in café. Sameer’s calling makes Supriya happy and every night they are in calling so that they fall in love and decide to get married. Lata does not agree with Supriya’s decision and then they are in quarrel and Supriya returns to her parents’ home. Transformation, the first is qualifying test . Supriya’s departure makes Lata feeling lonely and makes Lata nostalgic about Luke, her American boyfriend. She