25 Penurunan produksi susu sebesar -29.4 disebabkan oleh mastitis Kifaro et al.
2009 akibatnya menimbulkan kerugian pada peternak. Selain itu, Sudarwanto et al.
2006 melaporkan bahwa tingkat kejadian masitits subklinis dapat mencapai 75 – 83 sehingga mempengaruhi produksi susu nasional.
Bruckmaier et al. 2004 melaporkan bahwa konsentrasi laktosa susu yang terinfeksi mastitis menurun. Hal tersebut disebabkan oleh kerusakan sel-sel yang
mensintesis air susu dalam kelenjar susu. Laktosa adalah komponen paling konstan dalam susu sapi sekitar 4,5, fungsi utama dari laktosa adalah untuk
mempertahankan osmolalitas susu selama proses pembentukan dan sekresi sehingga produksi air susu tergantung dari produksi laktosa melalui mekanisme
tekanan osmotik Linzell Peaker 1971.
26
4 SIMPULAN DAN SARAN
4.1 Simpulan
Dari hasil penelitian in vitro diperoleh level daun sirih yang terbaik yaitu bahwa level 2. Dari hasil in vivo disimpulkan level pemberian 2 setiap hari
dapat meningkatkan kualitas susu dan produksi susu tidak terkoreksi lemak sedangkan pemberian 2 selang sehari dapat meningkatkan produksi susu
terkoreksi lemak FCM 4.
4.2 Saran
Untuk aplikasi di peternakan yang terbaik adalah level pemberian tepung daun sirih 2 dengan metode pemberian setiap hari sebab menghasilkan kadar
lemak susu dan produksi susu tidak terkoreksi lemak FCM 4 yang tinggi sehingga diharapkan dapat memberikan pendapatan yang tinggi bagi peternak.
27
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Acamovic T, Brooker JD, 2005. Biochemistry of plant secondary metabolites and their effects in animals. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 64: 403-412.
Apparao MD, Ruegg PL, Lago A, Godden S, Bey R, Leslie K, 2009. Relationship between in vitro susceptibility test results and treatment outcomes for gram
positive mastitis pathogens following treatment with cephapirin sodium. J
Dairy Sci . 92:2589-2597.
Badan Standarisasi Nasional. 1998. Standar Nasional Indonesia SNI Susu Segar No. 01-3141-1998.
Batavani RA, Asri S, Naebzadeh, H. 2007. The effect of subclinical mastitis on milk composition in dairy cows. Iran J Vet Res. 8 3 : 20.
Benchaar C, Chaves AV, Fraser GR, Wang Y, Beauchemen KA, McAllister TA, 2007. Effects of essential oils and their components on in vitro
rumenmicrobial fermentation. Can J Anim Sci. 87: 413-419. Benchaar C, Calsamiglia S, Chaves AV, Fraser GR, Colombotto D, McAllister
TA, Beauchemen KA, 2008. A Review of Plant-derived Essential Oils in Ruminant Nutrition and Production. Anim Feed Sci Tech. 145 : 209–228.
Benneddgaard TW, Enevoldsen C, Thamsborg, Vaarst M, 2003. Effect of Mastitis Treatment and Somatic Cell Counts on Milk Yield in Danish Dairy Cows. J
Dairy Sci. 86: 3174-3183.
Bruckmaier RM, Ontsouka CE, Blum JW, 2004. Fractionized milk composition in dairy cows with subclinical mastitis. Vet Med Czech. 49 8: 283-290.
Burgess GW, 1995. Teknologi ELISA dalam Diagnosis dan Penelitian Diterjemahkan oleh Wayan T. Artama, Gadjah Mada University, Jogjakarta,
55-56. Castillejos LS, Calsamiglia, Ferret A. 2006. Effect of Essential Oil Active
Compounds on Rumen Microbial Fermentation and Nutrient Flow in In Vitro Systems. J Dairy Sci. 89: 2649-2658.
Carter 1979. Diagnostic Procedures in Veterinary Bacteriology and Mycology. Third Edition. Charles C. Thomas Publisher, Illinois, U.S.A.
Chagunda MGG, Friggens NC, Rasmussen MD, Larsen T, 2006. A Model for detection of individual cow mastitis based on an indicator measured in milk. J
Dairy Sci . 89:2980-2998.
Conway EJ, 1958. Microdiffusion Analsis and Volumetric Error. Macmillan Publishing Co.
Cowan MM, 1999. Plant Product as Antimcrobial Agent. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, p 564-582.
Dorman HJD, Deans SG, 2000. Antimicrobial agents from plants: antibacterial activity of plant volatile oils. J Appl Microbiol. 88: 308-316.
Forsbäck L, Lindmark-Månsson H, Svennersten-Sjaunja K, Bach Larsen L, Andrén A, 2011. Effect of storage and separation of milk at udder quarter level
on milk composition, proteolysis, and coagulation properties in relation to
somatic cell count. J Dairy Sci. 94 : 5341-5349. Gaines WL, Davidson FA, 1923. Relation between percentage fat content and
yield of milk. Ill. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 245. Gaspersz V, 1994. Metode Perancangan Percobaan. CV. Armico, Bandung.
28 Green MJ, Green LE, Schukken YH, Bradley AJ, Peeler EJ, Barkema HW, de
Haas Y, Collis VJ, Medley GF, 2004. Somatic Cell Count Distributions During Lactation Predict Clinical Mastitis. J Dairy Sci. 87 : 1256-1264.
Halasa T, Nielen M, De Roos APW, Van Hoorne R, de Jong G, Lam TJGM, van Werven T, Hogeveen H, 2009. Production loss due to new subclinical
mastitis in Dutch dairy cows estimated with a test-day model. J Dairy Sci. 92 : 599–606.
Hamman J, Fehlings K, 2002. Leitlinien zur Bekaempfung der Mastitis des Rindesals Bestandsproben. 4. Aufl age, DVG-Verlag, Giessen.
Hamman J, 2005. Diagnosis of mastitis and indicators of milk quality. In: Proceeding of IDF Congress on MASTITIS in Dairy Production: Current
knowledge and future solutions. H. Hogeveen Ed.. Wageningen Academic Publishers, The Netherlands p. 89-90.
Harmon RJ, 1994. Physiology of mastitis and factors affecting somatic cell counts. J Dairy Sci. 77 : 2103-2112.
Hermawan A, 2007. Pengaruh ekstrak daun sirih piper betle l. terhadap pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli dengan metode
difusi disk Artikel Ilmiah. Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya.
Juliantina F, Citra DA, Nirwani B, Nurmasitoh T, Bowo ET, 2009. Manfaat sirih merah piper crocatum sebagai agen anti bakterial terhadap bakteri gram
positif dan gram negatif. Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Indonesia. Kalscheur KF, Baldwin RL, Glenn BP, Kohn RA, 2006. Milk Production
of DairyCows Fed Differing Concentrations of Rumen-Degraded Protein. J Dairy Sci. 89 : 249-259.
Kifaro GC, Moshi NG, Minga UM, 2009. Effect of sub-clinical mastitis on milk yield and composition of dairy goats in Tanzania. AJFAND 9 1 : 623- 634.
Koike S, Kobayashi Y. 2009. Fibrolytic Rumen Bacteria: Their Ecology and Functions. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 22 1 : 131-138.
Leitner, G, M. Chaffer, A. Shamay, F. Shapiro, U. Merin, E. Ezra, A. Saran, and N.Silanikove, 2004. Changes in milk composition as affected by
subclinical mastitis in sheep. J Dairy Sci. 87 : 46-52. Lin B, Lu Y, Wang JH, Liang Q, Liu JX. 2012. The effects of combined essential
oils along with fumarate on rumen fermentation and methane production in vitro
. J Anim Feed Sci. 21: 198-210. Linzell JL, Peaker M, 1971. Mechanism of milk secretion. Physiol Rev. 51 : 564-
597. Liu GL, Wang JQ, Bu DP, Cheng JB, Zhang CG, Wei HY, Zhou LY, Liu KL,
Dong KL, 2008. Specific immune milk production of cows implanted with antigen-release devices. J Dairy Sci. 92 : 100-108.
Martinez CM, Chung YH, Ishler VA, Bailey KW, Varga GA, 2009. Effects of dietary forage level and monensin on lactation performance, digestibility
and fecal excretion of nutrients, and efficiency of feed nitrogen utilization of Holstein dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 92: 3211-3221.
Maunsell FP, Morin DE, Constable PD, Hurley WL, McCoy GC, Kakoma I, Isaacson RE, 1998. Effects of Mastitis on the Volume and Composition of
Colostrum Produced by Holstein Cows. J Dairy Sci. 81:1291-1299.
