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Climbing out of poverty by your own efforts, that is indeed something on
which to pride yourself, but poverty itself is romanticised only by fools.
The context of the sentences are J.K. Rowling‟s speech on graduation
ceremony in Harvard University, on June 5, 2008. She describes about poverty in
her past time, then gives inspiration to climbing out of poverty. The word that refers to phrase your own efforts which is said on preceding text, therefore the
word that is categorized as the item of anaphora reference. That refers to
something unclose that said by speaker, in this case is your own efforts. Besides
of that, that is included one of the items of nominal demonstrative reference,
which refers to something.
Data 5: Now
, I am not going to stand here and tell you that failure is fun.
The context of the sentences are J.K. Rowling‟s speech on graduation
ceremony in Harvard University, on June 5, 2008. Based on the sentence above,
there are 2 items of demonstrative reference. First, the word now refers to time when that speech said, which is on June 5, 2008. Second, the word here refers to
to place where speech said, which is in Harvard University. Then, Both of them are categorized as the items of adverbial demonstrative reference, which is refers
to the place of a process in a time or place.
c. Comparative Reference
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Data 1: So today, I wish you nothing better than similar friendships.
The context of the sentences are J.K. Rowling‟s speech on graduation
ceremony in Harvard University, on June 5, 2008. Based on that sentence, there are two items of comparative reference. First, general comparison that marked by
word similar which refers to the similar thing, that is friendships. Second, particular comparison that marked by better. The word better refers to similar
friendship. Data 2:
He was a foot taller than I was, and seemed as fragile as a child.
The context of the sentences are J.K. Rowling‟s speech on graduation
ceremony in Harvard University, on June 5, 2008. She tells about physical of
African torture victim. Based on the sentence above, the word taller is the item of
comparative reference, which is that word used to compare he was a foot and I
was. Therefore, taller is particular comparison, which expresses comparability
between things in respect of a particular property. In this case, the property in question may be a matter of quality.
Data 3: The knowledge that you have emerged wiser and stronger from setbacks
means that you are, ever after, secure in your ability to survive.
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The context of the sentences are J.K. Rowling‟s speech on graduation
ceremony in Harvard University, on June 5, 2008. She reminds the graduates about the importance of the knowledge. Based on the sentence above, the
researcher finds two items of particular comparison. They are wiser and stronger.
Both of them are the items of particular comparison, which is comparing between The knowledge that you have emerged and setbacks.
Data 4: I shall never forget the African torture victim, a young man no older
than I was at the time, who had become mentally ill after all he had
endured in his homeland.
The context of the sentences are J.K. Rowling‟s speech on graduation
ceremony in Harvard University, on June 5, 2008. The African torture victim is a man who J.K. Rowling meets in Amnesty International. She describes physical of
him. The word older in the sentence above is one of the items of comparative
reference exactly particular comparison. That item used to compare the terms of
quality between African torture victim and I. Data 5:
The fears that my parents had had for me, and that I had had for myself,
had both come to pass, and by every usual standard, I was the biggest
failure I knew.
The context of the sentences are J.K. Rowling‟s speech on graduation
ceremony in Harvard University, on June 5, 2008. She compares about fears of
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her parents for her, and what happened with her. There is word biggest on the sentence above, and the word biggest is categorized as the item that compare in
terms of quality, the biggest failure
means simply „bigger than any failure‟.
Data 6: I was set free, because my greatest fear had been realised, and I was still
alive, and I still had a daughter whom I adored, and I had an old typewriter and a big idea.
The context of the sentences are J.K. Rowling‟s speech on graduation
ceremony in Harvard University, on June 5, 2008. She tells about her formative life. The researcher finds one of the items of comparative reference in the
sentence above, it is greatest. The most generalized comparative is actually the superlative, greatest in the sentence above means simply greater than any fear.
Data 7:
I discovered that I had a strong will, and more discipline than I had
suspected; I also found out that I had friends whose value was truly above the price of rubies.
The context of the sentences are J.K. Rowling‟s speech on graduation
ceremony in Harvard University, on June 5, 2008. That sentence, J.K. Rowling shares of her life that be better from the hard moment since. Based on the sentence
above, the word more refers to discipline. It means that the word more is
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categorized as the item of endophora reference, exactly cataphora reference. Because of the element needed to interpret is after the item in the text.
J.K. Rowling relates her personal failure until her success career in the whole sentence of her speech on graduation ceremony in Harvard University. She
believes that the failure of her first marriage and career in her youth make her able to grow up and to be success in current time. Therefore, J.K. Rowling speeches
with the tittle “The fringe benefit of failure and the importance of imagination”.
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CHAPTER IV CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
A. Conclusions
