The Objectives of Research The Method of Research The Technique of Data Analysis The Instrument of the Research Unit of Analysis

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C. Research Questions

Based on focus of the study above, the researcher formulates research questions as follow: 1. What types and functions of grammatical cohesion devices of references are used in J. K. Rowling’s speech? 2. How does context affect the audience’s understanding on the grammatical cohesion of references in J. K. Rowling’s speech?

D. Significance of the Study

Through this research, theoritically, the researcher hopes it will give contribution to linguistics field. Especially, grammatical cohesion of references. And practically, the researcher hopes that the result of this research is able to give input for those who interest in discourse analysis, and can be used as source of information to another researcher who do the same research.

E. Research Methodology

1. The Objectives of Research

Based on the background of the research, the objective of the research are: a. To identify and describe types and functions of grammatical cohesion devices of references used in J. K. Rowling’ speech. b. To describe context affect of the audience’s understanding on the grammatical cohesion of references in J.K. Rowling’s speech? 4

2. The Method of Research

The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method. Through this method, the researcher will describe markers of grammatical cohesion of reference contain in this research object. In this research, the researcher tries to analyze and classify kinds of the grammatical cohesion devices of references appear in J. K. Rowling’s speech, then describe the functions of the grammatical cohesion devices of reference appear in J.K. Rowling’s speech.

3. The Technique of Data Analysis

In analyzing the data, the researcher applies the several steps. First, the researcher searchs video and script of J. K. Rowling’s speech in Harvard University. Second, the researcher watchs that video which duration video at 00:20:59 and reads its script. Third, the researcher uses M.A.K. Halliday and Ruqaiya Hasan’s theory and other similar support theories in analyze markers of grammatical cohesion of reference used in J. K. Rowling’s speech to construct discourse in that her speech.

4. The Instrument of the Research

The main instrument of this research is the researcher herself as the subject of the study through collecting, reading, and analyzing the acquired datas. Those data are collected from the script of video J. K. Rowling’s speech. 5

5. Unit of Analysis

The unit of data analysis in the research are all of the sentences are used in the J. K. Rowling’s speech the fringe benefits of failure and the importance of imagination in Harvard University on June 5 th , 2008.

6. Time and Place of the Research