Techniques of the Data Collection

that the study was running well by evaluating the previous meeting and planning for the next meetings or cycle. 2. The outcomes validity is related to notions of actions leading to the successful outcomes within research context. To make sure that the actions were on the right track, there were some indicators that should be passed. They were as follows. a. The researcher focused on the teaching and learning of writing by implementing tiered activities. b. The participants enjoyed the classroom activities. c. The participants were active during the English teaching and learning process. d. Facilitated with some activities, the participants wrote some English texts. 3. The process validity relates to the dependability and competency of the research. It is related to activating participants to be involved in every stages of research process. Researcher was helped by collaborator who observed and note everything happened during the process of this research. The process validity was completed by reflecting on the data collection and modifying the strategies to have better treatment for the next meetings. 4. The catalytic validity is related to the extent to which the study allows participants to deepen their understanding of the social realities of the context and how they can make changes within it. This criterion was completed by conducting some interviews with the participants and editors related to the positive effects of this study. 5. The dialogic validity is the process of peer review that is commonly used in the academic research. This validity was completed by discussing the research finding with collaborator. To obtain the trustworthiness, the triangulation technique proposed by Burns 1999: 164 was implemented. There were two forms of triangulation used in this research: 1. Time triangulation Time triangulation is about the period of time needed in collecting the data. In this study, the data were collected from 17 th November 2014 to 1 st December 2014. During that period of time, constant data about the implementation of tiered activities to improve the writing skills were presented. 2. Investigator triangulation There were two observers involved in this study. They were the researcher himself and an editor as collaborator. It was aimed at avoiding bias observations to have clear data for the data they collected were compared.