3.5 Instruments
According to Sudarsono 1988, measurement is the way to describe the condition of someone or object quantitavely by using instrument that could
measure the objects. Instrument used to gather the data was in the form of test, i.e. matching test, speaking test, and writing test. Ary, Jacobs, and Razavieh 1985
states that a test is a set of stimuli presented to individual in order to elicit responses on the basis of which a numerical score can be assigned. Matching test
was used as an instrument in this research since it is a simple form of test which has 1 score for each item in the vocabulary test. Through matching test, the
students could focus on the students’ mastery of academic words, especially in knowing the meaning of academic words Indonesian equivalences in the tests
like what has been mentioned in the previous chapter. Beside that, the students could also learn more vocabulary through matching test because they could guess
the other word meanings. Each test consisted of a hundred academic words and there were six
hundred academic words to be tested. The academic words tested were taken from their books used in their teaching learning process, such as English as a Second
Language Cambridge International Examination: 2000; Cambridge University Press , Learning to Use English 2: 2006; PT Piranti Darma Kalokatama, Window
on the World: 2001; Erlangga , Linked to the World 1: 2006; Yudhistira, Linked to the World 2: 2006; Yudhistira, English Grade XI Science and Social
Programme: 2005; PT Bumi Aksara, and Contextual Learning: 2007; Grafindo Media Pratama.
The other instruments were in the form of practical test, i.e. speaking and writing tests and these tests were from the teachers. In speaking test, there were
two parts that should be done by the students. They were retelling the content of the texts and making a dialogue into a monologue. In each part, there were three
texts and dialogues. The students were to choose one of the text and dialogue and they did the tests. In writing test, the students were to make a composition based
on the kind of text that they had chosen. In the question sheet, it was provided the kinds of text with its genre, social function, generic structure, and significant
lexicogrammatical features. There were four kinds of text, i.e. recount, report, analytical exposition, and explanation. In this test, the students decided which
kind of text they wanted to do and chose one of topics provided in the question sheet, then they made a composition based on the kind of text they chose.
Those were the instruments used in this research. The vocabulary test was from the researcher and the practical tests were from the English teacher in SMA
Negeri 1 Wonosari. These instruments were valid and the validity was included in
the content validity since content validity refers to the degree to which the test actually measures, or is specifically related to, the traits for which it was designed
Best, 1986: 155. Content validity was important for achievement tests and the instruments used in this research were included in achievement test because it
assessed the students’ mastery of academic words and the students’ ability in productive skills during the study in senior high school. The materials in
instruments were taken from the learning materials that the students learned and it proved that the content of the instruments were valid.
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