24
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Chapter three contains the methodology used in this research. This chapter includes seven sections, namely research method, research setting, research
participants, research instrument, data gathering technique, data analysis technique, and research procedures.
A. Research Method
Survey is used in order to answer the research problems. Ary, Jacobs, Sorensen, Razavieh 2010 state that the survey is a widely used research method
for gathering data, ranging from physical counts and frequencies to attitudes and opinions p. 379. Generalization can be drawn from a survey result and the main
target of this research is to make a generalization from ELESP students. Thus, a survey is considered to be the most appropriate methodology as the focus of this
research is about how ELESP students perceive negative feedback. The survey used questionnaire to gather the data.
In doing a survey, there are several steps to be followed. Based on a survey guide by Thayer-Hart, N., Dykema, J., Elver, K., Schaeffer, N. C., and Stevenson,
J. 2010, p. 4, there are five steps to be done in conducting a survey. The steps are shown in Figure 3.1.
25
Figure 3.1 Survey Process
The first step was designing the survey process. In designing the survey process the researcher decided the goal, target population, the timing, and the mode.
The goal of the survey wa s to make generalization about students’ perception and
preference for negative feedback. The target population was ELESP students of Sanata Dharma University batch 2012. The survey took two months to collect the
data from the respondents. The survey was using sample of the population due to the sheer size of the population.
After finishing the first step, the researcher moved on to the next step, developing questions. The form of questions in the questionnaire were adapted from
Restuningtyas’ 2010 questionnaire. The questions were adapted to the need of this research. To fulfil the need of this research, two types of questions were used. In
part A, the researcher used close-ended questions and in part B, open-ended questions were used.
The next step was to test and train. The researcher only used the test step because in distributing the questionnaire the researcher used online media, thus,
there was no need to train the distributor. In doing the test, the researcher tested the questionnaire to several colleagues and asked for feedback related to the
Design Survey
Process Develop
Questions Test
Train Collect
Data Analyze
Data
26 questionnaire. The questionnaire was then modified based on the feedback when
necessary. Having done the third step, the researcher started to collect the data. The
questionnaire was distributed to the respondents via online messenger. The researcher sent a message containing a link to the questionnaire to the respondents.
The respondents then opened the link and filled the questionnaire using their mobile phone or computer.
Then the research entered the final step, coding and analysing data. The raw data was coded and made easier to analyse. Then from the coded data, the researcher
drew the conclusion to answer the research questions.
B. Research Setting
Kategori