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4. Forms of Giving Feedback
There are two forms of giving feedback based on how they are given to the students. They can be given as written or oral feedback. Each form has its own
characteristics.
a. Written Feedback
Written feedback is the most common given to writing or reading assignment. The students will receive the feedback in the form of sentences written on their
finished written assignments. Brookhart 2008 also states that “It Feedback can
also be given after the students do a speaking or listening test in form of notes or written in the scoring sheets. In written feedback, word choice and tone matters
” p. 31. As in written feedback the lecturers will not be able to control on how the
students will read the feedback, written feedback should be made carefully with appropriate tone and word choice. Too complex words will make the feedback hard
to be understood by the students and if the feedback uses target language, it may cause misunderstanding especially for beginner language learners as their
vocabulary is still limited.
b. Oral Feedback
Oral feedback is used frequently on speaking and listening related activities. However, oral feedback can also be given to written assignments too. The lecturer
can give an oral feedback after checking on the students’ written assignments. Brookhart 2008 explains that
“Oral feedback involves all the word choice issues that written feedback does, but it also includes some unique issues
” p. 47. The issue is that the feedback will give more impact compared to written feedback as
17 students hear the feedback directly from their lecturer. The impact is good when it
gives good impression to the students, but if it does not, then the impact will still be great in size but negative.
Teachers find oral feedback as an important tool to help students achieve a higher proficiency in a second and foreign language Rydahl, 2005, p. 2.
Giving ineffective oral feedback may hinder the progression of the students, but giving effective oral feedback will be helpful for the students in improving their
proficiency. Language learning will involve a lot of speaking and listening. In speaking and listening activity, this form of feedback is the most common. For
language lecturers, mastering giving effective oral feedback will help them make the language learning more effective.
5. Directness in Negative Feedback
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