1.2 Problem Formulation
Based on the previous description, there are two problems that can be formulated as follows.
1.2.1 How is the relationship between Amir and Hassan described? 1.2.2 How can family and social factors influence Amir’s disloyalty to Hassan?
1.3 Objectives of the study
The first objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between Amir and Hassan in The Kite Runner. The second objective is to explain how
Amir’s family situation and social condition around him can trigger his disloyalty to Hassan.
1.4 Benefits of the study
The benefit of this study is firstly on the writer’s self. The writer can gain an important value of life which is called disloyalty. The writer can explore more
on how a disloyalty occurs and what can become the factors of someone betraying his closest friend. By knowing these factors, the writer can learn to be careful
while engaging in a friendship to avoid disloyalty. Secondly, for readers in general, they can learn many things about causes
of destructed relationship including how it processes to happen in a relationship, even the closest one. Thirdly, the students of PBI can also gain the benefit from
this study because they can use this study as a reference if they are conducting similar studies on the same novel. Future researchers can also use this study if
they want to discuss about the issue of Afghan’s ethnic groups and how the
relationship among Afghan’s ethnic groups is developed, as additional information.
1.5 Definition of terms
There are some terms in this study that need some clarification to avoid misunderstanding. They are defined as follows.
1.5.1 Character Character is the person, in a dramatic or narrative work, endowed with
moral and dispositional qualities that are expressed in what they say-the dialogue- and what they do-the action Abrams 20. Throughout one’s actions and speeches
in the novel, it can be discovered how profound his personal quality is. The process of knowing the personal quality will become so much help of finding
personal description of a character. 1.5.2 Characterization
Henkel defines characterization as central to the fictional experience. The principle objective of the creation of the characters in novels is to enable the
reader to understand and experience people 86. Thus in this study, characterization means the way the author presents the character.
1.5.3 Motive Worchel and Shebilske define motive in their book Psychology Principles
and Applications as the condition that energizes and directs the behavior of an organism 373. Thus, motive is something behind the action. Someone has a
motivation in doing an action. In another word, there is no action without motivation.
1.5.4 Friendship In The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Social Psychology, friendship is defined
as a special, familiar and highly valued type of human social relationship Manstead and Hewstone 250.
1.5.5 Disloyalty In The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Social Psychology, disloyalty is defined
as the condition or an instance of being unfaithful or violation of allegiance or duty, as to a government Manstead and Hewstone 250.
1.5. 6 The Pashtuns The Pashtuns are people living in Afghanistan and Pakistan numbering an
estimated 13 million. In Afghanistan they inhabit an area extending from north of Jalalabad to Qandahar and westward to Sabzawar. They believe in Sunni Mulisms
and speak the Pashto language belongs to the eastern subgroup of the Iranian branch of the Indo-European family Musawi 3.
1.5.7 The Hazaras The Hazaras are an ethnic group who resides mainly in the central region
of Afghanistan, called Hazarajat or Hazaristan. They are predominantyly Shia Musilms and speak the Hazaragi dialect of the Persian language Musawi 1.
7
CHAPTER 2 REVIEW ON RELATED LITERATURE
Kategori