Hosseini here indirectly proves to us that there is a possibility of some differences of the two sects of Islam which cause them to hurt each other. The
difference of religious practices with the other religions including the Shia Hazara might cause this problem. Malleson explains that the women of Moghol Mongol
origin including the Hazara go unveiled 44. There is other information which can be accessed from the web showing
that firstly Sunni and Shia differ in the point of religious belief. Shia Muslims believe that the Imam is sinless by nature, and that his authority is infallible as it
comes directly from God What’s the Difference Between Shia and Sunni Muslims?, web. This belief is completely different from Sunni Muslims’.
From this part about Sunni and Shia in Afghanistan, we can conclude that the relationship between Sunni and Shia is not good. Here is the clear connection
of the Pashtuns’ and the Hazaras’ long fight in Aghanistan just like what Amir explains Hosseini 8-9. Both sides are fanatic to their own belief and reject to
accept any other little differences from the other side. Therefore, the conflict between Sunni and Shia has also influenced the relationship between Amir and
Hassan and has triggered Amir to be disloyal to Hassan, as well. Sunni and Shia differences become one of the reasons why the Pashtuns hate the Hazaras i.e.
because Shia believes in different thing from the Pashtuns.
4.2.2.2 The Socialization among the Pashtuns and the Hazaras in Afghanistan
Hosseini, both as the author of The Kite Runner and an Afghan born Hosseini 342, has given us the real description about the relationship condition
happens between the Pashtuns and the Hazaras in his own hometown. There are some problematic things happen between the Pashtuns and the Hazaras during the
national history of Afghanistan. According to Amir’s mother’s book that he has read so far, there is some
quarrellings among two races in Afghanistan at that time. The two races are indeed Pashtun and Hazara. It is said through Amir’s explanation that his people
the Pashtuns has killed the Hazaras, driven them from their lands, burns them from their lands, burns their homes, and sells their women Hosseini 9. Assef
says that the Hazaras should live separately to their own restricted area called Hazarajat and are disgrace to Afghanistan Hosseini 39. Amir continues that the
book says part of the reason Pashtuns has oppressed the Hazaras is that Pashtuns are Sunni Muslims, while Hazaras are Shi’a. There are even several humiliating
addresses used by the Pashtun to call the Hazara namely mice eating, flat nosed, load carrying donkeys. A sizable Hazara communities can only be found in
Pakistan, Quetta and as well as Iran which indicates that the Hazaras are not really appreciated in Afghanistan by Sunni people or the Pashtuns, having an unending
power to rule the land of Afghanistan in the novel Miller 24. At school, Amir says that his teacher wrinkles his nose when he pronounces the word Shi’a, just
like it some kind of disease Hosseini 9. Relating to the history of Afghanistan concern the Pashtuns and the
Hazaras, Tytler explains clearer in his book about what has happened between the Pashtuns the true Afghans and the Hazaras during the history. He explains that
the Hazaras differ radically from the Afghans, with whom they have been
constantly at feud, and retain many of the traits of their Central Asian ancestors 57. So, it could be seen that what Hosseini explains in the book of The Kite
Runner about the oppression that has been done by the Pashtun through years to the Hazaras is scientifically logical and true. The differences between the two
tribes have might caused all of these. As what we have learnt, the Pashtun and the Hazaras are all different in their tribal ancestor and the creed of Islam that they
believe. This is why the Pashtuns have a large tendency to abandon the Hazaras even though the Hazaras are in a great suffering.
Regarding the racial problem in Afghanistan, Lasker says that a child is certain to have his mind canalized, even before he starts going to school, into
habitual acceptance of the prevailing racial attitudes of the group within which he lives. The average child is made to notice outer differences and to accept them
as signs of inner differences in value Milner 23. Moreover, Bogardus’ theory of direct and derivative personal experiences is once more suitable in this situation.
Pashtun children experience the derivative experiences from other Pashtun children, relations, and society to cull such addresses and throw them all to the
Hazara children. As the result now, we could see that the troubled socialization among the Pashtuns and the Hazaras is not only becoming a sensitive thing around
the mature people, but also among the children and adults. Children seem to have tendency to copy any behaviors weather they are
good or not from their society including parents and relatives upon the lower considered children of different race. When they grow older, they will still do
such a thing and influence it to the children after them. Lasker correctly identifies
the role of the parents in transmitting attitudes, by accident or design, and the importance of the school, church, and other social institutions in reinforcing them
Milner 23. Clearly, Amir says that his teacher does not have a big interest when he asks him about the Hazaras Hosseini 9. This kind of condition influences
Amir’s and Hassan’s friendship. What happens is that Amir never considers Hassan as his friend Hosseini 24.
Amir and Hassan are both children of Kabul. They grow up together there. Although Amir knows that he loves Hassan so much, he decides to betray Hassan
by slandering him stealing his watch and money. Before this, he has actually abandoned Hassan when Hassan is tortured and raped by a group of Pashtun boys.
Amir has done badly to Hassan. His childish personality has brought him to a mean disloyalty on his beloved Hazara friend, Hassan. This is similar to what
have been explained that the Pashtuns have done very rude to the Hazaras in years. Amir has been influenced by his social status as a Pashtun and a Sunni who
deserves a better life situation. Besides, the school where he is studying also discourages him to befriend wholeheartedly with the Hazaras. Because of the
influence from these things, he becomes a cowardly person. He prefers protecting himself from danger to saving Hassan once he has no power anymore to fight
back the notorious children in the alley. Thus, it has been two times that he has hurt Hassan. Hassan, however, is not trembled by his beloved friend’s betrayal.
He still tries to catch his dream i.e. to make Amir knows that he is a true friend Amir who will always be around whenever Amir needs him to be. As the
conclusion, the socialization of the Pashtuns and the Hazaras has not been well,
and has influenced the relationship between Amir and Hassan as Amir becomes a heart breaker.
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CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
The conclusions and suggestions are presented in this chapter. The former part concerns the conclusions of the analysis in a previous chapter and it contains
the answers to the questions in the problem formulation. The later part presents the implementation of teaching through this novel in Prose II class.
5.1 Conclusions
First problem formulation is about how Amir and Hassan shape up their relationship during their childhood. Based on what has been explained in chapter
four, we could see that the relationship has three types. The first one is the relationship in which Amir is a master and Hassan is a servant. Hassan is such a
humble boy who is aware of his social status as just a Hazara maid. He is hired by Baba along with his foster father, Ali. Hassan’s tasks are to make everything
ready for Amir before Amir wants to use them. He is very faithful to Amir that he wants to do anything that Amir wants him to do including something which is
actually not really him. It seems that Hassan likes to befriend Amir and is willing to do something good for Amir without Amir’s order. However, Amir is acting in
a different way, sometimes. As a master of Hassan, complaining is one thing that Amir often does. It is found that he is rude to Hassan because he feels jealous of
Hassan’s image in Baba’s opinion. This explanation shows us that first, Amir and Hassan’s relationship as a master and a servant could be interpreted as a
