way Forster 54. A character can change his personality description by acting and saying something crucial.
According to Henkle 88 – 97, characters can mainly be categorized as major and minor characters. He states that major character is created to carry out
ideas or messages in a story to readers through the character’s feelings, thoughts, actions, and reactions. In the other side, minor or secondary characters are those
who only appear in a certain setting to support the major characters. Henkle says that it is necessary for us to pay a heed to the major characters in order to
understand the novel profoundly. As an addition, he says that we build expectations and desires upon them to establish our values and to present
convincing dramatizations of the human issues of the book. Once again, these theories of characters are used in this study on a purpose
to interpret real human life characters which are used by an author in his own novel. We use them by logically and possibly analyzing the novel’s characters
with our skills of personal interpretation.
2.1.3 Characterization
Rhorberger and Wood Jr. in Reading and Writing about Novel 20 define characterization as the process by which an author creates character, it is the
devices that he makes the readers to believe a character in the particular type of person he is. An author does this way to make a stereotype of someone existing in
a real world situation comes real during the reading.
According to Murphy 161 -173, there are nine methods by which the readers can understand the character. They are:
2.1.3.1 Personal Description The author describes the appearance of a character in details such as the
face, the skin color, the hair, etc. 2.1.3.2 Character as seen by others
The author describes the character of the person through the other’s eyes and opinion. There the opinion may come from people around the person about
his personality which can also determine his characteristics. 2.1.3.3 Speech
The author gives the readers some clue about the character through what the character says.
2.1.3.4 Past Life
In certain events of the character’s past life, the readers will know the characteristic of himher. Here we learn that a character’s past experiences,
particularly those which are really meaningful can cause several effects to the person’s future life even may change his character.
2.1.3.5 Conversation of others
Through the conversations done by other people, the readers will know what they say about the character.
2.1.3.6 Reactions The readers will know what kind of person the character is by seeing how
heshe reacts to various situations in the story. The readers here can conclude if a person is temperamental or patient and etc.
2.1.3.7 Direct Comment The author gives direct comment to the character. However, the author
will not give lots of direct comment otherwise the novel will be uninteresting to deeply read.
2.1.3.8 Thoughts The author directly gives what a person is thinking about. By knowing
what in the character’s mind, the reaers will know his characteristic. 2.1.3.9 Mannerism
The author creates the character’s behaviors where each and every one of the behaviors will show the characteristic of the character. A person’s habits of
idiosyncrasies may also tell us something about someone’s characteristic. Murphy 161 also adds that characterization is the presentation of the
characters’ personalities including their attitudes, appearance, motives, and actions, which are created to be life like. This is in order that the ideas of what
kind of people they are in the story are conveyed to the readers. These theories of characterization are used in order to give a clear
understanding of character’s personality and physical attributes that make them
have some differences. It means that we use these theories by trying to know how the author characterizes his characters’ personalities and characteristics.
2.1.4 Motivation
