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5 The Premodification
Quirk et al. 1972 explain that the premodification is the components placed before the head. Types of the premodification are adjective, noun,
determiner, participle, -s genitive, adverbial phrase, and sentence. The example of the headline in the form of a noun phrase with the premodification is An
Environmental Casualty The Editorial Board, 2014, November 21, The New York
Times .
6 The Postmodification
The postmodification is the component of the noun phrase which is placed after the head Quirk et al., 1972. The examples of the postmodification were
prepositional phrase, non-finite clause, and relative clause. There are also the minor examples of the postmodification, namely adverb phrase, noun phrase, and
postposed adjective Quirk et al., 1985. The example of the headline in the form of a noun phrase with the postmodification is Expression From the World of Bugs
Gollust, 2015, April 4, VOA News However, there is also possibility for the headlines in which a complex
noun phrase can consist of the premodification and the postmodification as follows.
Example [1]: American expressions in the home Moss, 2015, April 11, VOA News
b. Verb Phrase
Besides noun phrase, verb phrase can be identified in the headlines in the form of sentence. According to Reah 2002, “Verbs can establish a relationship
20 between participants people, emotions, places, and concepts” p. 74. Reah
2002 classifies the verb phrase system in the headlines as follows.
1 Monotransitive Verb
A monotransitive verb is a verb that needs two participants, namely an actor and a direct object affected by an action Reah, 2002. The example is Bell
actor pays verb the price affected Reah, 2002, p. 74. It is identified that Bell is the actor of the action, pays is the verb, and the price is the direct object
affected by the action.
2 Intransitive Verb
An intransitive verb is a verb that works with one participant Reah, 2002. The example is One question subject remains verb Reah, 2002, p. 74. It is
identified that the verb remains only needs one participant, namely one question.
3 Ditransitive Verb
A ditransitive verb is a verb that needs three participants, namely an actor, a directly affected and an indirectly affected, for example, Their freedom actor
could cost verb the taxpayer indirectly affected £5 million directly affected
Reah, 2002, p. 74. Their freedom is the actor and cost is the verb. Cost is a ditransitive verb because it has two objects. The taxpayer is the object which is
indirectly affected by the verb cost, whereas £5 million is the object which is directly affected by the verb cost.
