Irony Teasing Theory of Figurative Language
18 Leech, and Svartvik 1972 give the more complete examples of a proper noun,
namely the names of specific person, places, countries, months, days, holidays, and magazines. Meanwhile, a common noun is a noun which does not label a
particular person, a place, or a thing and it is not capitalized Warriner, 1982. The examples are woman, city, and building Warriner, 1982, p. 5.
2 Abstract and Concrete Noun
An abstract noun is a noun used to show a quality, a characteristic, and an idea Warriner, 1982. The examples are strength, love, and courage Warriner,
1982, p. 5. On the other hand, a concrete noun is a noun which is able to be perceived by the sense, for example hat, desk, book, and box Warriner, 1982, p.
5.
3 Collective Noun
A collective noun is a noun which names a group Warriner, 1982. The examples are team and class Warriner, 1982, p. 5.
Furthermore, Quirk et al. 1972 also note that a noun can be complex. They divide a complex noun phrase into three components. The components are
the head, the premodification, and the postmodification. The following points present the explanation of the components.
4 The Head
The head is the element which will determine the rest of the sentence. The head will be the concord of the sentence Quirk et al., 1972. The example is if the
head of the noun phrase is singular, the verb which follows the noun phrase should be singular too.
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5 The Premodification
Quirk et al. 1972 explain that the premodification is the components placed before the head. Types of the premodification are adjective, noun,
determiner, participle, -s genitive, adverbial phrase, and sentence. The example of the headline in the form of a noun phrase with the premodification is An
Environmental Casualty The Editorial Board, 2014, November 21, The New York
Times .
6 The Postmodification
The postmodification is the component of the noun phrase which is placed after the head Quirk et al., 1972. The examples of the postmodification were
prepositional phrase, non-finite clause, and relative clause. There are also the minor examples of the postmodification, namely adverb phrase, noun phrase, and
postposed adjective Quirk et al., 1985. The example of the headline in the form of a noun phrase with the postmodification is Expression From the World of Bugs
Gollust, 2015, April 4, VOA News However, there is also possibility for the headlines in which a complex
noun phrase can consist of the premodification and the postmodification as follows.
Example [1]: American expressions in the home Moss, 2015, April 11, VOA News