13 94 noun phrases post-modified by relative clause, and 21 noun phrases post-
modified by both prepositional phrase and relative clause. Those three patterns are categorized based on the syntactically function. Here, he obtained that the noun
phrase post-modified by prepositional phrase functioning as adjuncts was the most frequent patterns occurring in Poe’s work. In addition, he concluded that the
prepositional phrase and relative clause as post-modifiers help the author fulfill the rules in writing the short detective stories which must avoid the overwriting.
This research is also conducted in order to establish the patterns of post- noun modification. However, it has different object analysis from those two
previous studies. When those two previous studies used classic novels, this research employs a formal speech as the object of the study. Through these
researches, the readers might compare the noun phrase modification used either in the verbal or non-verbal terms. By conducting this research, there are three main
patterns of post-noun modification classified. They are prepositional phrases PP, participial phrases Part.P, and relative clauses RC
. The detail explanations of those theories are to be presented in the review of related theories.
B. Review of Related Theories
In this part, the researcher is going to discuss some theories underlining the terms of this study. It starts from the basic to the specific ones. First, the
researcher defines the definition of noun and noun phrase based on the relevant theories. Second, it proceeds with presenting the types of post-noun modification
14 and the explicitness of post-noun modification to identify the modification of each
noun phrase.
1. Noun
A noun is one of the most important constituents that build a sentence. It is commonly used to denote people, animals, things or places Kolln Funk, 2012,
p.17. It is further followed that a noun is a word that can be the only or main word or even occupies the headword position in a noun phrase [Greenbaum
Nelson 2002, p.88]; [Kolln Funk, 2012, p.19]. From those definitions, it is obvious that noun can be classified into two different classes, namely common
and proper nouns. Proper nouns refer to the names of specific people, places, or occasions,
and they always begin with a capital letter, for instance Chicago, January, Thompson, etc
. Those forms do not occur in the plural form. It also cannot be preceded by numerals and quantifiers such as many, few, several, much and little,
nor by the definite and indefinite articles Aarts Aarts, 1982, p.27. However, there is an exception when proper nouns are sometimes converted into common
nouns such in the phrase The Thompsons I know. As aforementioned there is no plural form of proper noun, but the common noun Thompsons here described ‘the
people in the family with the name Thompsons’ Greenbaum Nelson, 2002, p.88.
Through that sample, common nouns can be referred to the other kind of nouns which do not usually begin with capital letters Veit, 1986, p.23. It is
15 supported by Greenbaum Nelson who stated that there are two ways used to sub
classify the common nouns 2002, p. 89. Those are type of referent and grammatical form. In the type of referent, a noun is further classified to concrete
and abstract. Similar to the definition of proper noun, concrete nouns also refer to people, places, or things such as girl, car, kitchen, etc. Meanwhile, abstract nouns
refer to qualities, states, or actions such as humor, belief, honesty, etc. Meanwhile, in the grammatical form, it is further classified into count or non-count. Count
nouns refer to entities that are viewed as countable. It enables the noun to have both a singular or plural form and they can be accompanied by determiners to
distinctions in number. By contrast, non-count nouns refer to entities that are viewed as an indivisible mass that could not be counted. They are treated as a
singular and can be accompanied by determiners which do not refer to distinctions in number such as much information, your furniture, that software, etc. In
addition, a noun is a word that can be made both in singular or plural form based on the other constituents constructed in a sentence. It is also in line with Kolln
Funk that a noun is a word that can be made plural or possessive which occupies the headword position in the noun phrase which usually signaled by a determiner
2012, p.19.
2. Noun Phrase
Noun phrase NP is a phrase which can act as a subject, object, or complement of a clause, or as prepositional complement Leech Svartvik, 1975,
p.251. Meanwhile, Quirk, Randolph, Greenbaum, Leech Svartvik define a
