X-bar Theory Review of Related Theories

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C. Theoretical Framework

In completion of this chapter, the contribution of each theory is described. Through the theories described, the readers who are interested in the same field study might know the basic knowledge of this analysis. Basically, this study aims to answer the problem of the study related to the patterns of post-noun modification employed in Marty Natalegawa’s speeches. In order to answer the problem of this study, the researcher employed several theories described by some experts including Aarts Aarts 1982, Qurik et al. [1985], 1972, Leech Svartvik 1994, Greenbaum Quirk 1997, Yule 2004, Kolln Funk [2012] 2010. The theories employed are related to the basic definition of noun and noun phrase, types of post-noun modification, and the explicitness of using post-noun modification in a noun phrase. The types of post-noun modification are described in order to classify the patterns of noun phrases with post-noun modification. In analyzing the problem, the researcher is going to classify the noun phrases based on its categories. Through those categories, the syntactic structure of the noun phrases is analyzed based on the theories described by Dwijatmoko 2002 and Radford 1988. From the syntactic structure of each noun phrase pattern, the way of each type of post-noun modification would be determined. This explanation is worth to define the most frequent types of post-noun modifiers position which is close to the headword. Moreover, the explicitness theory is also presented in this study in order to provide the detail information on the reduction of noun headword followed by relative clause to prepositional phrase. In addition, the researcher 38 provides the phrase structure of each pattern construction in order to provide the vivid comprehension related to the syntactic analysis; and depicts the way of each pattern of post-noun modification has similar construction to one another. 39

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

In this chapter, the researcher presents the rationale of information on how this study can be conducted. There are some methodologies which are discussed in order to collect and digest the information related to the problem of the study and gain the answer of the questions mentioned in the introduction. Those methodologies composed in subtitles, namely research method, research setting, research subjects, instruments and data gathering technique, data analysis techniques, and research procedure.

A. Research Method

This study was conducted based on qualitative research approach. Gall, Gall, Borg 2007, p.31 stated that qualitative research is a research which presents facts that focuses on the study cases rather than of populations and samples in a narration with words. In line with that theory, Ary, Jacobs, Sorensen, Razavieh 2010, p.29 delineated a holistic picture and depth of understanding of a phenomenon rather than a numeric data analysis as the goal of qualitative approach. In other words, words and pictures rather than numbers are used to convey what the researcher has learned about a phenomenon Merriam et al., 2002, p.5. The result of data analysis would be explained and interpreted by the researcher. In digesting a phenomenon, the data might be collected through