Noun Phrase Post-modified by Participial Clause
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36 the untold LOSSES AND CASUALTIES that were suffered by innocent
civilians. Since the relative clause of the 34 is reduced, the complementizer of the
participle 36 “that” and the auxiliary “were” should be omitted. Therefore, the phrase structure of 34 can be represented below.
37
Unlike 34, the noun phrase of 35 is post-modified by to infinitive participle. Even though they have different participle modified the headword, the
modification is still similar to each other. The first modification of 35 happened when the headword “agenda” is pre-modified by adjective phrase “global” and
noun phrase “development”. It further becomes the head “global development the
untold LOSSES and
CASUALTIES PRO
suffered by innocent
civilians -en
NP Det.
N’
N’ AP
N’ CP
Spec. C’
Comp. IP
NP I’
I VP
N
81 AGENDA
” in which post-modified by to infinitive participle “to end extreme poverty and ensure sustainable growth with equity
”. If the tree diagram of 36 showed that the I =Inflection is the –en form, the I =Inflection of 35 is “to”.
In this case, both –en form and to form are functioned to specify whether the noun phrase belongs to active or passive meaning.
b. Noun Phrase + participial phrase with noun phrase + prepositional
phrase in it
Similar to other sub-patterns described previously, this sub-pattern is the expansion of post-noun modification of sub-pattern 3a. In this sub-pattern, the
noun phrase is firstly post-modified by participial phrase in which contains a noun phrase post-modified by prepositional phrase. This expansion happened due to the
functions of the N’ level which can be repeated as many as it needed in order to specify the expansion of the categories. Within the analysis of this study, there are
12 noun phrases which have this sub-pattern to occur in the speeches. In the other words, it takes 4.86 of the whole findings. These are the examples of this sub-
pattern occurring in the speeches. 38
STATES to share lessons learnt and experience in their unique paths towards democratization
Appendix 1, no.25, code number: MN1NP63
39
an inclusive political PROCESS reflecting the wishes of the Syrian people
. Appendix 2, no.12, code number: MN2NP28
Those sentences are obvious the expansion of the sub-pattern 3a. In 38, the noun phrase has “states” as the headword and “to share lessons learnt and
82 experience in their unique paths towards democratization
” as to infinitive participle. In short, it has no different pattern from the previous sub-pattern.
However, when to infinitive participle analyzed deeply, it contains a noun phrase with prepositional phrase. It can be indicated to the noun phrase “their unique
paths towards democratization ”. Thus, its syntactic structure can be interpreted as
follows: 40
In contrast, the noun phrase of 39 has the headword “process” in which firstly pre-modified by adjective phrase “inclusive political”. It further becomes
the head in which post-modified by the –ing participle “reflecting the wishes of the Syrian people
”. Within the –ing participle construction, there is another noun phrase post-modified by prepositional phrase. This expansion used to specify the
additional information towards the headword “process”. Therefore, the syntactic structure of 39 is indicated to the following phrase structure.
41 STATES
to share
lessons learnt
and experience their
unique PATHS
in towards
democratization
an inclusive
political PROCESS
reflecting the wishes
of the Syrian people
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c. Noun Phrase + participial phrase + relative clause + prepositional phrase
Literally, this pattern is the expansion of the N’ level of the participial phrase. However, due to its complex pattern, the researcher did not determine the
noun phrases which have this sub-pattern. Since the objects of this study are dealt with three transcripts of formal speech, this sub-pattern is uncommon to use. This
sub-pattern is commonly used in the written text in order to specify and provide the additional information related to the expansion of the headword.
d. Noun Phrase + participial phrase modified by relative clause
Regarding with the previous sub-pattern, this sub-pattern is unfamiliar to occur in the transcripts. This phenomenon happens by virtue of the complexity
pattern of the construction. As noted in the previous sub-pattern, the complex phrase structure may occur in the written text instead of the verbal language. If the
speakers employ complex phrase structure in delivering their ideas, it may confuse the audience to digest and elaborate the main point of the topic.
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