Visual Preferences Assessment Visual Quality Assessment

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IV. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

4.1. Visual Quality Assessment

Visual Quality Assessment for this study location is obtained from the integration of two kinds of analysis process. The first analysis is based on the result of visual preferences assessment and another analysis is based on the result of visual character variables assessment.

4.1.1. Visual Preferences Assessment

According to the observers’ judgment of all the photos that have been presented, SBE value for each landscape character within the research area can be acquired. Table 5 shows the calculation of SBE values for three photos of landscape character as samples. The complete calculation for each photo can be seen in Appendix 3. The SBE values for the 63 photos are presented in Table 6, which have been grouped based on each landscape character in order to obtain the average SBE value for each landscape character. Table 5. Calculation of SBE Value Foto 723 Foto 532 Foto 711 Range f cf cp z Range f cf cp z Range f cf cp z 1 4 60 1.000 1 0 60 1.000 1 3 60 1.000 2 8 56 0.933 1.5 2 1 60 1.000 2.4 2 5 57 0.950 1.65 3 10 48 0.800 0.84 3 2 59 0.983 2.13 3 12 52 0.867 1.11 4 11 38 0.633 0.34 4 2 57 0.950 1.65 4 12 40 0.667 0.43 5 13 27 0.450 -0.13 5 9 55 0.917 1.38 5 12 28 0.467 -0.08 6 11 14 0.233 -0.73 6 18 46 0.767 0.73 6 9 16 0.267 -0.62 7 2 3 0.050 -1.64 7 18 28 0.467 -0.08 7 5 7 0.117 -1.19 8 1 1 0.017 -2.13 8 6 10 0.167 -0.97 8 1 2 0.033 -1.88 9 0 0 0.000 -2.4 9 3 4 0.067 -1.5 9 1 1 0.017 -2.13 10 0 0 0.000 -2.4 10 1 1 0.017 -2.13 10 0 0 0.000 -2.4 Σz -6.75 Σz 3.61 Σz -5.11 z -0.75 z 0.40 z -0.57 SBE = -0.75--0.75x100 SBE = 0.40--0.75x100 SBE = -0.57--0.75x100 SBE = 0 SBE = 115.11111 SBE = 18.22222 Note: f = frequencies; cf = cumulative frequencies; cp = cumulative probabilities; and z = z scores. 42 Table 6. SBE Values for 63 Photos Based on Their Landscape Character No Landscape Character Photos SBE Value Average and Standard Deviation of SBE Value 111 133.333 112 153.889 113 161.111 121 144.444 122 112.333 123 145.444 131 144.556 132 144.556 1 Sand dune 133 158.778 Average = 144.272 211 144.222 212 123.667 213 152.889 221 137.667 222 160.444 223 151.000 231 130.667 232 142.444 2 Agriculture Land 233 128.222 Average = 141.247 311 118.667 312 148.556 313 166.111 321 146.000 322 127.222 323 145.444 331 81.778 332 87.778 3 Beach 333 163.667 Average = 131.691 411 66.111 412 87.333 413 117.333 421 114.667 422 90.000 423 95.444 431 93.222 432 128.889 4 Woodland 433 114.778 Average = 100.864 511 118.111 512 126.222 513 32.667 521 81.889 522 85.889 523 85.444 531 88.000 532 115.111 5 River 533 78.222 Average = 90.173 43 Table 6. Continued No Landscape Character Photos SBE Value Average of SBE Value 611 35.556 612 67.333 613 73.667 621 80.667 622 93.444 623 82.667 631 123.000 632 110.889 6 Scrubland 633 113.444 Average = 86.741 711 18.222 712 64.556 713 32.444 721 54.222 722 72.000 723 0.000 731 73.222 732 67.889 7 Settlement Area 733 49.444 Average = 48.000 The SBE values for each landscape character are then distributed spatially to the map of research area to obtain thematic map of acquired visual preferences assessment Figure 11. According to this distribution of SBE values, it is shown that sand dunes, agriculture land, and beach are the first three landscape character with the best visual preferences. Based on the background of the observers giving the judgment, where most of them come from the urban area, it is obvious that all of those three landscapes are outside of their normal places of their daily activities and residence. That is why the observers could give more appreciation to such landscapes as those landscapes offer the natural environment that gives a direct contrast to the crowded urban conditions. Sand dune with its existence among the tropical environment has brought the uniqueness as a landscape character, while the agriculture land has been 44 always become one of the favorite scenery, especially in Indonesia, which typically identical to the rural area. Beach is another type of landscape that also has good visual preferences because of its offering of both naturalness and timelessness, and also it has become an icon of ‘dreams’, as well as a ‘paradise’, where people can enjoy themselves there Holden, 2000. Figure 11. Spatial Distribution of SBE Values Woodland, River, and Scrubland are the other landscape character with medium visual preferences. The observers did not give much of their appreciation to these three landscapes. This is because those landscapes seems as common views that the observers can also find in their original place or other places, though they still offer the naturalness of environment. Beside that, those landscapes seem relatively tedious that could not bring the dynamic visualization that can give a good impact to human psychology Rahmafitria, 2004. Settlement area becomes the landscape with the lowest visual preferences. The settlement area within this study area is dominated with medium to small houses that is typical to rural area. Unfortunately, there could not found any 45 houses with traditional java architecture that make them as a common rural settlement area and have no attractive point as a landscape relatively compared to other landscape characters within Parangtritis Coastal Area.

4.1.2. Visual Character Variables Assessment