D. Technique of Data Analysis
The next step after data collecting technique was data analysis. Patton in Moleong, 2003:103 claims that data analysis is a process of
organizing and classifying data into certain pattern, category, and basic units of analysis, so that the theme can be found and the data will be easier
to be interpreted and formulated. Data analysis is the most important step in qualitative research, a well-done data analysis will make the research
successful, and as the result the description and interpretation of the phenomenon will be accurate.
Moreover, this study employed referential analysis technique to analyze the data. The theories which were presented in the previous
chapter related to the issue of this study was as a reference for analyzing the data from the main source. The data were categorized firstly on the
data sheet based on the theories which are related, and afterwards, the data were analyzed by referencing them to the theories of each categorization.
It means that the theories play as the guidance in analyzing the data. Therefore, data sheet was applied in this research in order to
categorize every datum which were found in the movie Beauty and the Briefcase. The data sheet or table was used to classify the types of
dispreferred on the second turn, the ways of doing dispreferred, and also the explanation of social context. The format of data sheet was ilustrated
below with one example attached.
Table 3: Table of Data Analysis
No Data
Code Data
Types of Adjacency Pairs Containing Dispreferred Act on
the Second Pair Part The
Ways of Doing
Dispref erred
Act Social
Context of the
Interaction A
D BD
IR O
R P
D Q
U R
R
1 SC
1416 AD
Joanne : Is he spontaneous?
Does he take exotic
trips on a whim?
Lane : Mmm, I don’t know,
yet. √
Delayin ghesitat
ing Participants:
Lane and
Joanne. Setting: At a
cafe.
Notes :
AD : Assesment
– Disagreement PD
: Proposal - Disagree BD
: Blame – Denial
OR : Offer - Rejection
IR : Invitation
– Refusal RR
: Request – Refusal
QU : Question
– Unexpected Answer
E. Research Instrument
According to Hornby 1995:619, instrument is an equipment that is applied in a certain work, study or research for a scientific purpose. The
researcher worked as a human instrument. She planed the research, collected the data, analyzed and interpreted it, and also made conclusion
and reported the result. Moreover, data sheets were an additional instrument which were employed in this study. Data sheets were
functioned to write down the classified data. The data were chosen by the
application of a purposive-sampling technique and then organized by classifying them into every single parameter mentioned before.
F. Triangulation of the Data
To confirm the trusthwortiness of the data, data check is needed to test the data analysis. According to Moleong 2001:173, the criteria to
check validity and reliabilty of research are credibilty, transferabilty, and confirmabilty. Credibility aims at achieving the vaildity of the data.
Credibility of the data is achieved through triangulation technique. Triangulation is a way of assuring the validity of research results through
the use of a variety of research methods and approaches. It is a mean of overcoming the weaknesses and biases which can arise from the use of
only one of the methods that has described by the researcher, such as observation.
In this research, the data validation was achieved by repeating the observation of the data. Re-watched the movie and re-checked the
accuration of the transcription were conducted to check the validity and trusthworthiness of the data. Meanwhile, the data investigation was
employed by gathering a number of different sources in forms of books, journals, and some others written sources from internet related to
sociolinguistics, conversation analysis, and dispreferred social act on the second pair part. Afterwards, the results of data triangulation were
discussed and consulted to the supervisor.
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