3. to describe the social factors that influence the main character while doing dispreferred act on the second turn in the conversation.
E. Significance of the Research
The result of this research will bring some benefits to the theoretical and practical uses of language. Theoretically, the research
findings are expected to add more information to the current studies that are related to the discussion of adjacency pairs and dispreferred act on the
second turn in a daily conversation. Practically, the research findings are expected to be useful for:
1. The students The research is expected to give more information and additional
knowledge about adjacency pairs and also about dispreferred act on the second turn. The students can learn about the types, the way of doing
dispreferred and also the social factors that influence it from this research;
2. All readers The research is expected to motivate readers not only watching the
movie to gain pleasure, but also increasing their awareness and knowledge about the elements of conversation in daily life particularly
about adjacency pairs and dispreferred on the second pair part. The readers may also add their knowledge about the types and also the way
to do dispreferred social act on the second pair part.
9
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW AND ANALYTICAL CONSTRUCT
This chapter discusses about the theories that are related to the objectives of the research. Therefore, this chapter consists of four sub-chapter.
The first part covers the theoritical background, the theories which are employed in the objectives of the research. The second part is about the
previous research, which is the research that has been conducted before. The third part is the conceptual framework, and then the last part is the analytical
construct.
A. Theoretical Background
1. Sociolinguistics Language has an important role in human’s life since it can be seen
as a medium for people to conduct social interactions. Wardaugh states that language is a tool that is used by a particular member in society to
interact to each other 2006:1. In linguistics, some experts see that there is a connection between language and society. Thus, they study this
phenomenon under the umbrella of sociolinguistics. Therefore, sociolinguistics focuses on how language is used by speakers in its social
context. It also studies the effect of the society on the language from different aspects.
Etymologically, the term sociolinguistics comes from the word sociology and linguistics. Based on Hornby 1995:1128, sociology means
the scientific study of the nature and development of society and social behaviour. Hornby also defines linguistics as the scientific study of
language or of particular language. Crystal 1985:440 also adds that sociolinguistics has been broadly defined as a branch of linguistics which
studies all aspects between language and society. Meanwhile, the term sociolinguistics itself is the field that studies
the relationship between language and society, between the use of language and the social structures in which the users of language live.
Spolsky 1998:3 argues that sociolinguistics is the field of study that assumes that human society is made up of many related patterns and
behaviours, some of which are linguistics. It means that one of the principal uses of language is not only to communicate meaning, but it is
also used to establish and maintain social relationship. Furthermore, Trudgill 1992:68 gives a clear explanation about
sociolinguistics that it is intended to achieve a better understanding of the nature of the relationship between language and society. He explains that
sociolinguistics is the study that analyzes about the relationship between language and its society. This study is intended to achive a better
understanding about the nature of human language in its social context and the nature of the interaction between language and society. It is clearly
seen that Trudgill does not consider sociolinguistics as an independent
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