6. Blame-denial, when the second pair part denies the mistakes that he has done.
A : Why did you broke this vase?
B : It’s actually not my fault. The cat did it.
7. Apology-refuse, the first part makes an apology but the second part refuse to give hisher apology to the first part.
A : I’m sorry for what I’ve done to you last day.
B : Well, it’s not entirely your fault.
8. Proposal-disagreement, the second pair part disagrees with something which is proposed by the first pair part.
A : What do you think about my plan of moving to the new house at
the countryside? B
: Uhmm, well, I think it’s a nice idea, but I don’t think that the atmosphere there is suitable for our children’s health.
There will be also some possibly new found of the types of dispreferred act that will be obtained from the source of the data and also based on
some scholars’ theories. Therefore, there are eleven ways to do dispreferred act on the
second turn which are commonly used by the second pair part or the interlocutor in a conversation. Those eleven ways are:
1. Delayhesitate : pause; er..; em..; ah..
2. Preface : well; oh
3. Express doubt : I’m not sure; I don’t know
4. Token yes : That’s great; I’d love to
5. Apology : I’m sorry; what a pity
6. Mention obligation : I must do..; I’m expected..
7. Appeal for understanding : You see..; you know.. 8. Make it non-personal
: Everybody else; out there 9. Give an account
: Too much work; no time left 10. Use mitigators
: Really; mostly; sort of; kinda 11. Hedge the negative
: I guess not; impossible In terms of dispreferred second pair part, society also affects the
occurence of dispreferred act on the second turn in communication. There are four social factors which influence the people while doing dispreferred
second act. 1. The participants are the people who participate in the
communication and their relationship each other. 2. The setting or social context is the place, time, and context of
the talk that happened. 3. The topic is about something which are talking about by the
participant. 4. The function is the aim and the reason of why they do
conversation.
D. Analytical Construct
Figure 1. Analytical Construct
SOCIOLINGUISTICS
SOCIETY
THE MOVIE BEAUTY AND THE BRIEFCASE
LANGUAGE
ADJACENCY PAIRS REPAIR
ORGANIZATION
DISPREFERRED SOCIAL ACT ON THE SECOND PAIR PART
TURN TAKING
PREFERRED SOCIAL ACT ON THE SECOND PAIR PART
TYPES OF DISPREFERRED SOCIAL ACT ON THE
SECOND PAIR PART THE WAYS OF DOING
DISPREFERRED SOCIAL ACT ON THE SECOND
PAIR PART SOCIAL FACTORS
CONVERSATION ANALYSIS
BASED ON LINGUIST’S
THEORY POSSIBLY NEW
FOUND •
DelayHesitate
•
Preface
•
Express Doubt
•
Token Yes
•
Saying an Apology
•
Mention Obligation
•
Appeal for Understanding
•
Make it Non – Personal
•
Give an Account
•
Use Mitigators
•
Hedge the Negative
•
Change and Ignore the Topic
•
The Participants
•
The Setting or Social Context
•
The Topic
•
The Function
of Speaking
A SOCIOLINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF DISPREFERRED ACT ON THE
SECOND PAIR PART IN THE MOVIE BEAUTY AND THE BRIEFCASE
34
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
This chapter consists of six sub-chapters. Those sub-chapters are: type of the study, source, form, and context of the data, data collecting technique,
technique of data analysis, research instrument, and triangulation of the data. Each sub-chapter will be explained clearly below.
A. Type of the Study
This research applied descriptive qualitative method because it analyzes the data descriptively based on the scholars’ theories. The theory
which was employed in this study was Levinson’s theory 1983 about dispreferred social act on the second pair part. According to Vanderstoep
and Johnston 2009:167, qualitative research aims to be more descriptive, so that the research can be in-depth and understandable. They also add that
qualitative research produces narrative or textual description of the phenomena under the study 2009:7. Thus, this research, indeed,
illustrated the phenomenona of the use of dispreferred social act on the second pair part in the movie Beauty and the Briefcase in the form of
textual description. However, to put into consideration, this study also employed
descriptive quantitave method to collect the data. This study applied descriptive quantitative method to show the occurence of the data’s
emergence in frequency and percentage to strengthen the explanation that has been made in the textual description. Moreover, descriptive
quantitative method was only an additional method to help the researcher to provide the data findings in the forms of measures and numbers. This
method only appeared in the findings section, so it was not the main method that was employed in this research, and descriptive qualitative
method is still the main focus. The goals of the study were to describe the types, and the way of
doing dispreferred by the second turn in the conversation of the movie Beauty and the Briefcase that were uttered by the main character. The
researcher applied the types of dispreferred second pair part and also the way of doing dispreferred second pair part as the parameters to reach the
goal of this study. The researcher also utilized sociolinguistics and conversation analysis since the study dealt with the analysis of oral
languages which were portrayed in the society. The society here was potrayed in the movie Beauty and the Briefcase.
The analysis of the study was based on the classification on the data sheets. The data sheets included the classification in the form of
sentences or utterances which contain the aspects of the types and the way of doing dispreferred of the second turn in conversation. The result of the
study was in the form of description at revealing the inferences.
B. Source, Form, and Context of the Data
According to Lofland and Lofland in Moleong, 2004: 112, the main data of a qualitative research are language and action or behavior.
The source of the data of this research were the movie Beauty and the Briefcase and its transcription. The form of the data were sentences, and
the context of the data were the utterances that was uttered by the main character in the movie Beauty and the Briefcase.
C. Data Collecting Technique
Read and write technique were applied in this research to collect the data. The data of the study were in the form of sentences. The data
collecting technique was performed by watching the movie, reading the transcript and taking note. Afterwards, it was noted in data sheets and
followed by data analysis. The steps of collecting data in this study were formulated below:
1. Watching the movie Beauty and The Briefcase.
2. Downloading the movie’s transcription.
3. Watching the movie one more time while checking the
accuracy of the transcription. 4.
Applying purposive-sampling technique by categorizing the utterances into every single of parameter types and the way of
doing dispreferred 5.
Recording the categorized utterances in the data sheet.
