together. Plaisted successfully explores the highs and lows of teenage love envy from friends but admiration at her success; jealousy from Sam towards other girls
Dan knows; hopes that despite the geographical distance they will stay together. Despite or maybe because of the emphasis on the many forms of
communication available to teenagers today, Sam suffers, as every girl from Juliet onwards has, from miscommunication problems. Praise to Plaisted for making the
ending realistic, for placing heartache beside first love, but perhaps some criticism for portraying the online search for love as easy, safe and successful.
B. Statement of the Problem
A question to answer in this thesis is: What procedure does the translator use to translate the gerund into Indonesian
in E-Love by Caroline Plaisted, the bilingual edition?
C. Research Objectives
The aims of this research is as follows:
To describe the procedures used by the translator to translate gerund from English into Indonesian language in E-Love by Caroline Plaisted, the
bilingual edition.
D. Scope and Limitation Research
The writer only analyzes the gerunds found in E-Love by Caroline Plaisted and its translation by analayzing the equivalence of gerunds and the
procedures in translating gerunds. The writer will not analyze the gerund time relationship to the main verb.
E. Methodology of Research
1. Method
This research uses a descriptive method because it gives a description of the gerund and its translation into Indonesian. The writer will analyze the
data by describing what affixes the translator uses in translating gerunds and what kind of shift the translator uses in translating gerunds.
2. Data
This research analyzes 126 data in sentences, comprising gerunds and its translation from E-Love by Caroline Plaisted, the bilingual edition.
Indonesia language as a Target language and English language as a source language.5
3. Data Source
The data are acquired from 245 pages consisting of Indonesia language as a Target language and English language as a source language of E-Love
novel by Caroline Plaisted, the bilingual edition, which was first published in 2004 by Gramedia in Jakarta and it is translated by Sutanty Lesmana.
4. Data Collection
After reading the material comprehensively, the writer underlines the sentences that contain gerunds and its translations into Indonesian. Those
sentences are entered into data cards. One data card contains a sentence in the source language and the translation in the target language.
5. Data Analysis
The steps used to analyze the translation of gerunds are grouping the data card based on the function of the gerund Object of Preposition, Object
of Verb and Subject, analyzing the data card by focusing what procedure the translator uses to translate the gerunds and making a conclusion of the
analysis.
CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Translation is a process of transferring the meaning of the text from the SL to the TL. In Approaches to Translation, Newmark said that translation is a craft consisting in the
attempt to replace a written message andor statement in another language.
8
Newmark conveys his idea in A Textbook of Translation that translation is rendering the
meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author intended the text.
9
According to Mildred L. Larson in Meaning Based Translation: A Guide to Cross-Language Equivalence, translation is basically a change of form. The form of a
language is the actual words, phrases, clauses, sentences, paragraphs, etc., which are spoken or written. These forms are referred to as the surface structure of a language.
It is the structural part of language which is actually seen in print or heard in speech. In translation the form of the source language is replaced by the form of the receptor
target language. Translation consists of transferring the meaning of the source language into the receptor language.
10
The main goal of translating is finding the equivalence of the words and makes the sentences of the text sound natural in the TL.
8
Peter Newmark, Approaches to Translation, London:Prentice Hall, 1981, p.7
9
Newmark, A Textbook of Translation, London:Prentice Hall, 1984, p.5
10
Larson, L.M. Meaning-Based Translation : A Guide to Cross-language Equivalence, New York: UP America, 1984, p.3
A. Formal Correspondence versus Dynamic Equivalence
According to Nida and Taber in The Theory and Practice of Translation, dynamic equivalance is prior to formal correspondence.
11
This means that translators should remember that transferring the message is their top priority.
1. Formal Correspondence
Formal correspondence is an effort to maintain the formal consistenty. According to Nida and Taber in The Theory and Practice of Translation,
Formal correspondence is produced by combining the formal consistenty of the length of the sentence, the classes of words and the order of word, phrase,
and clause.
12
According to Catford in A Linguistic Theory of Translation, formal correspondent is any TL category unit, class, structure, element of
structure, etc. which can be said to occupy, as nearly as possible, the `same place in the `economy of the TL as the given SL category occupies in the
SL.
13
2. Dynamic Equivalence
Dynamic equivalence is an effort of translator to send the same message of the SL into TL so the reader in TL has the same response as the reader
in SL. According to Nida and Taber in The Theory and Practice of
11
Nida, E.A. and Charles R.Taber, The Theory and Practice of Translation, Leiden:E.J. Brill, 1974, p.22
12
Ibid., pp.21-22
13
J.C. Catford., A Linguistic Theory of Translation, Oxford:Oxford University Press, 1965, p.27
Translation, dynamic equivalence is defined in terms of the degree to which the receptors of the message in the receptor language respond to it in substantially
the same manner as the receptors in the source language. This response can never be identical, for the cultural and historical settings are too different, but there
should be a high degree of equivalence of response, or the translation will have failed to accomplish its purpose.
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If the translator intends to produce the same response from the readers in the SL and the readers in the TL, the translator has to put a
greater emphasis on the dynamic equivalence concept over the formal correspondence. To achieve this, sometimes the translator has use shift.
B. Procedure of Translating
