The pre-test, to ensure the equivalency of the control and the experiment group before conducting the treatment and a post test to see if there is any
statistically significant difference of students’ ability in writing skill after using guided questions technique. The dependent variable in this study was students’
writing in narrative text whereas the independent variable was the use of guided questions technique.
E. Instrument and Technique of Collecting Data
In collecting the data, the writer made instrument and the instrument is written pre-test and post-test. According to Donald, instrument is an important
device for collecting data in a research. Usually, a test is used as the instrument to measure the students` achievement in education. From a certain kind of a
test, the researcher would be able to collect the data in the form of scores which could be used to identify, classify, or evaluate the test takers. He also adds that
the test in a more inclusive definition is a means of measuring the knowledge, skills, feeling, intelligence or aptitude of an individual or group.
2
1. Pre-test
Pre-test in conducted before the treatment in control class. Both classes will write narrative story entitle “Rudy and The Compass”. In
this pre-test, the writer would not explain anything about narrative. What students need to know is the story itself.
2. Post-test
Post-test is conducted after treatment. Both control and experiment class will write narrative entitle “The Empty Pot”. Moreover, just like
in pre-test, actually every story they write, they have to know the plot so they can answer the question in each treatment in experiment class
and can write the story in this post-test.
2
Donald Ari. Introduction to Research on Education, New York: Rinehart and
Winston, 2007,
p. 127
F. Technique of Data Analysis
First of all, the research will do pre-test to know the basic ability of the student and to know the students writing of narrative text. After doing pre-test
the writer treated them in order to analyze the effectiveness of guided questions on student’s writing of narrative text in experiment class. After conducting the
treatment, the writer will give them post-test to see the significantly effect of the technique on students’ writing.
After the data is collected, the writer will analyze the normality of the data in order to make sure whether or not the data is normally distribute in this
research. This normality calculation is using Lillyfors, the data was transformed into the basic value. The maximum dispute T got from the
calculation must be in absolute value +. The result of normality can be seen by comparing the value of T
max
to T
table
With formula as followed:
. 3
Accept H
a
if T T
table
Accept H
o
if T T
table
After get the data from pre-test and post-testand after the normality is proved, they will be analyzed and processed by using statistic calculation of the
T-test formula with the significance degree 5 and 1 and Gained Score. The result will be scored by using rubric. The T-test formula is used to calculate the
differential significance made by pre-test and post-test. Moreover, gained score formula is used to calculate the degree of its effectiveness. The T-test formula
is stated as follows, which X is the data from experiment class and Y is the data from control class.
1. Determining Mean with formula:
�
�
R
= the average of variables score ���
′
= sum of frequency multiply the student’s score �
= number of students
3
Susetyo budy. Statistika Untuk Analisis Data dan Penelitia, Bandung: PT Refika
Aditama, 2010, p. 148
�
�
= �
�
+ � �
∑ ��
′
� �
