caused conflict on the main character. They also found representative, expressive and directive, which used by the main characters.
2
P.E Akhiemien, student of Lagos State University, was conducted „Perlocution: Heeling the “Achilleas’ Heel” of Speech Act Theory’. This paper
sets „Heel the “Achilleas’ Heel” of Speech Act Theory’- perlocution. The paper
addresses that the cause of perlocutionary act derived from the illocutionary act which is in combination with the context of utterance. A major finding of this
paper is that previous Speech Act analysis did not give context a serious consideration in their study of perlocution leading them into philosophical blind
alleys. The paper therefore argues for a serious consideration to be given to context for an accurate description perlocutionary acts.
3
1. Speech Act
The theory of speech act improves from development of study pragmatics which has known as study of ability in language usage which has to adjust with
the context.
4
The differences between the theory of speech act by Austin, Searle, and others in giving classification speech act will be useful for understanding the
words of speech act. The theory of Speech act was introduced firstly by Austin in 1956 that was
created from his thesis. J.O. Urmson published it in a book “ How to Do Thing
2
Yuanita Devy Kuspriyanti and Dewi Retno Sari. Illocution and Perlocution Analysis on
the Main Character Conflicts in An Ideal Husband. Journal Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris. Vol.1,No.1, April 2013 pp26-32 STKIP PGRI Sidoarjo
3
P.E Akhimien.
„
Perlocution: Heeling the “Achilleas’ Heel” of Speech Act Theory’s. Vol.XXXV ,2010 Nigeria: State University of Lagos, Lagos, pp.1-16.
4
Tun Nur Afizah Zainal Ariff dan Ahmad Ibrahim Mugableh, “Speech Act of Promising among Jordan,
”h.248.
with Words ?”
5
Then, this theory was developed by Searle to publish a book Speech Acts:
“ An Essay in the Philosophy of Language”. He argues that the communication is not just symbols, words or sentences, but it would be more
appropriate if the so-called product or product of emblem, word or phrase in the form of speech act behavior.
The actual speech act considers five aspect situations of speech that includes: speaker and hearer, the context of the speech, the purpose of speech,
speech acts as an action activity and verbal utterances as acts of products.
6
Speech acts are the basis for analysis other pragmatic topics as presupposition, conversational implicature, cooperative principle and politeness principle.
Pragmatic assessment that does not base its analysis on the speech act is not a pragmatic assessment within the meaning of truth.
1. Locutionary
Locutionary acts are basic actions in an utterance; act says something with words and meaning of the sentence in accordance with the meaning of that word
in the dictionary and the meaning of the sentence according to the rule.
7
Focus locution is the meaning of spoken utterances, not questioning the purpose or
function of the speech. For examples: Diana: the time now is 07.00 a.m. Sonia
Sonia: Ok. Let’s go to school.
5
Jacob L. Mey, Pragmatics: An Introducing 2
nd
ed.Oxford: Blackwater Publisher, 2001,h.92.
6
Geoffrey Leech . Principles of Pragmatics .New York: Longman Inc. 1983. P.4.
7
Kushartanti, Pesona Bahasa. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 2007,p.109.
