Review of Related Studies
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story. He is the same sort of person as he was at the beginning. While dynamic character is the opposite of static character. He experiences changes from the
beginning to the end of the story. It could be for better or worse 1978: 71. Discussing further about character is as important as discussing the
characterization. According to Roth Berger and Woods, Jr., characters have particular personalities and physical attributes that distinguish them from other characters.
Characterization is the process by which an author creates the character 1971:20. In terms of characterization, the writer intends to apply the theory of characterization
from M. J. Murphy’s Understanding Unseen. It illustrates some ways in representing the characters. The author attempts to make his characters understandable to come
and alive for the readers. Murphy categorizes the characterization as follows 1972: 161-173:
a. Personal Description
This characterization deals much with physical appearances of the characters. The description is often related to psychological condition, because personality can be
reflected from external appearance. b.
Character as Seen by Another The author describes the characters through the eyes and opinion of the other
characters in the story. The direct opinion of the other characters could explain the characteristics of a character.
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c. Speech The characteristics of the characters are reflected through what they say. Whenever
the characters speak, whenever he put forward an opinion, they give the readers clues to their characteristics.
d. Past Life The author gives the readers a clue to the characteristics of the characters by letting
the readers learn something about the character’s past life. What have happened in the character’s past, might shape his characteristics in the present.
e. Conversation with Others In this category, the author gives the readers clue about the characteristic of the
characters through conversation of the characters. Whenever the characters are in conversation with another, they gives the readers to their characteristics.
f. Reactions
The character shows his characteristics from his action and reaction. We can see the characteristic of a character through his action and reaction to the other characters or
the conflicts he faces. So that, the readers understand the characteristics of the characters, including, mental and moral qualities, in the story.
g. Thoughts
The author gives the readers direct knowledge of what a character is thinking about. The characters’ thought and feeling can reflect their characteristics.
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h. Direct Comment of The Author
The author directly describes or comments on the characteristic of a character in the story.
i. Mannerism
The author describes the characteristics of the characters through their mannerism, habits or idiosyncrasies.
All the theory about the characterizations that are mentioned above can be applied to facilitate the reader to analyze the characterization of the character that
plays in the story. This study uses theory fom M.J Murphy to reveal Otoko’s sexual pattern
through the characterization. There are three theories that is used to do the analysis such as theory of personal description, theory of past life, theory of coversation with
others, and theory of direct comment of the author.