14 Aiken 1969 divides motivation into two types. Extrinsic and intrinsic
motivation. Extrinsic motivation works for external rewards or desires that is not inherent related to the task it is performing. While intrinsic motivation, on the
other hand, the goal and the behavior are inherently related. For example is performing a task in order to acquire a feeling of accomplishment at having done a
good job p. 111. Ryan and Deci 2000 add that extrinsic motivation comes not from inside the individual. It involves rewards such as trophies or anything. On the
other hand, intrinsic motivation is done because it is interesting and enjoyable for the individual in doing the activity. Besides, they say that to be motivated means
to be moved to do something. A person who feels no inspiration to act is characterized as unmotivated, whereas someone who is doing the opposite is
considered motivated. Maslow 1943 says that human motivation can be classified into five basic
of needs. Those are the physiological, safety, love and belonging, esteem, and self- actualization.
a. The Physiological Needs
The needs that are usually taken as the starting point for motivation theory are the so-called physiological drives. These physiological needs are the most
influence of all needs. In other words, the human being who is missing everything in life is most likely that the major motivation would be the physiological needs
rather than any others. A person who is lacking food, safety, love, and esteem would most probably hunger for food more strongly than for anything else. On the
other hand, physiological needs are the basic needs such as food, sleep, oxygen, PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
15 liquid, freedom of movement and a moderate temperature. An individual needs to
fulfil this need before heshe is motivated by the higher needs.
b. The Safety Needs
The safety needs emerge after the physiological needs are fulfilled. The safety needs consist of protection, freedom, and secureness. People seek for those
things in order to fulfil these needs because they do not want something unexpected or dangerous happens to them.
c. The Love and Belonging Needs
The love and belonging needs come after the physiological and security needs are fulfilled. After people fulfil the physiological and safety needs, an
individual will move to other needs, which are the needs of both giving and receiving love. In this step, people want to find friendship and some other privacy
social groups like having relationship or kids.
d. The Esteem Needs
People have a need or desire for a stable, firmly based, high evaluation of themselves, for self-respect or self-esteem, and for the esteem of the others. These
needs are classified into two subsidiary sets. First is the desire for strength, achievement, adequacy, confidence, independence and freedom. The second is the
desire for reputation or prestige, recognition, attention, importance or appreciation from other people.
Satisfaction of the self-esteem need leads people to have feelings of confidence, worth, strength, and capability, of being useful and necessary in the
world. However, for those who cannot fulfil this need, they will have feelings of inferiority, of weakness and of helplessness.
