Objective of the Study Problem Formulations

9 Stanton 1965 states that character is used in two ways; it points out on the individual appears in the story like the total number of characters there and it refers to the mixture of interests, desires, emotions, and moral that makes up each of the person p. 17. From that, it can present the characters to the readers through the story so that the readers can describe the characters. Henkle 1977 divides characters into major and secondary characters. The major character is the character who deserves the reader’s attention. A story can be effective depend on the major character who can express and dramatize the story. To a great extent, major characters are created because only they are given attention to present convincing dramatizations of the human issues of the story. On the other hand, secondary character is a character who performs in limited functions. The function of the secondary character is to populate the world of the story. The readers discover what the time and society are situated by observing the secondary character. Generally, a secondary character is a character who helps the major character. They bring out into the open crucial elements of the predicament of the major character. Besides, a secondary character is not as important as the major character pp. 92-94. E. M. Forster, in Aspects of the Novel 1927 , in Henkle’s 1977, introduces two kinds of characters. The first is a flat character and the second is round character. A flat character is a character presented without many details and can be described just in a single phrase or sentence. Round character is a character that is more complex in mood and motivation. It is difficult to describe it as a person in real life and it is likely to surprise the audience p. 91. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 10

2. Characterization

Murphy 1972 states that characters are made to convey the audience to get to know and understand what kind of people there are. He shows nine ways in which an author makes the character easy to be understood by the readers.

a. Personal Description

The author describes the details of the characters’ appearance like the face, skin, eyes and clothes directly. The author shows how the character looks like directly and accurately in the story.

b. Character as Seen by Another

The character is described by other characters instead of being described by the author directly. The readers find the characteristics of a character through the other characters’ opinions.

c. Speech

The reader gets the clue about the characterization of a character through the way that person speaks. Whenever the character speaks to other character, heshe is giving the readers some clue to his characteristics. The way a character speaks will show what kind of person heshe is.

d. Past life

The author gives the readers some clues by showing the characters’ past life in the story. A past life can be shown by a flashback. Through flashback, the readers can know the characteristic of someone in hisher past experience. This can be done by direct comment. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI