Directives The Finding and Discussion

33 The fourth type of speech acts found in the speech being analyzed is commissives. Yule 1996 says that commissives are kinds of speech acts that speakers use to “commit themselves to some future actions” p. 54. Additionally, he also mentions that commissive expresses “what the speaker intends” p. 54. In the speech being analyzed there are some illocutionary forces that indicate the speaker commits himself to some future actions such as intention, hopewish, and guarantee as illustrated in example 17. Example 17: a. Today I want to tell you three stories from my life. b. Let me give you one example. c. As with all matters of the heart, you’ll know when you find it. d. And I hope it’s the closest I get for a few more decades. e. Right now the new is you, but someday not too long from now, you will gradually become the old and be cleared away. f. And now, as you graduate to begin a new, I wish that for you. 1. Intention In utterances 17a and 17b, the speaker expresses what he intends to do by using the verb “want” and “let”. When the speaker says, “I want to tell you…” it means that the speaker is going to tell the audiences or in another word, “commit himself to some future actions. When the speaker says, “let me give you one example” it means that the speaker is going to give the audiences one example or in another word also: commit himself to some future action. 2. Guarantee In the utterances 17c and 17e, the speaker expresses his commitment to the future action by guarantying something to the audiences. When the speaker PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 34 guarantees something to the audiences, he is sure that something is going to be happened in the future. That sense of certainty is the reason why researcher considers the utterances a guarantee. In guarantee, there should be something that to be guaranteed. In utterance 17c, the speaker guarantees that they will know when they find it. It means that the speaker is sure that in the future the audiences will find it. In utterance 17e, the speaker guarantees that they will gradually become the old and be cleared away. It means the speaker is sure that in the future they will be like that. 3. HopeWish In the utterances 17d and 17f, the speaker expresses his commitment to the future action by hoping or wishing something. When the speaker hopes something, he wants something happens in the future. In the utterance d, the speaker hopes that it will be the closest he gets for a few more decades. In the utterance 17f, the speaker wishes something to the audiences related to their graduation. In finding the illocutionary forces, there are some ways that we can use. As Yule 1996 proposes, we can find some “performative verbs” that indicate the speaker uses to commit himself to some future actions, such as want, will, hope, and wish p. 49. Additionally, he also proposes that we can also look at the “felicity condition” p. 50. In representative, the content of the utterances in example 17 are related to future event or action. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 35 After analyzing the data, researcher concludes that in the speech being analyzed, it is found that the speaker performs commissive speech acts. Commissive can be found in some illocutionary forces of the utterances that indicate the speaker’s commitment some future action or event, such as description and claim. The illocutionary forces can be found using some ways, such as finding the performative verbs, analyzing word order, stress, and intonation, and analyzing the felicity condition.