Background of the Study
5 Qualitative research method was used because there were several reasons. The
first reason was because this study was conducted in a natural setting. Ary, Jacobs and Sorensen 2010 state that qualitative research take place in “the natural
setting” p. 424. Additionally, Creswell 1994 states that qualitative researcher tends to collect data in “the field where participants’ experience the issue or
problem under the study” p. 38. In relation with public speaking as an object of this study, researcher collected the data by watching, listening and analyzing the
speech. It means the research was conducted in a natural setting. The second reason was because this study put researcher as a key instrument.
According to Creswell 1994, in qualitative research the researcher is the one who “gathers information and data through some instruments such as examining
documents, observing behavior, and interviewing participants” p. 38. In this study, researcher gathered information and data through examining the transcript
of the speech. The third reason was because this study used interpretive inquire. According
to Creswell 1994, in qualitative research researcher makes interpretation of what they see, hear, and understand p. 39. In analyzing speech acts used in each
utterance of the speech researcher interpreted the speech through watching, reading, listening and understanding the speech.
This study used content and document analysis. Ary at all 2010 says that content and document analysis is a research method that “focuses on analyzing
and interpreting recorded material to learn about human behavior” p. 29. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
6 Additionally, they mention that “the material analyzed can be public records,
textbooks, letters, films, tapes, diaries, themes, reports, or other documents” p. 29. This study analyzed the video and the transcript of the speech.
In this study, the data is collected by observing and analyzing some document related to the study. There two kinds of data collected in this study: primary and
secondary data. The primary data is the 2005 Stanford University commencement speech by Steve Jobs. The primary data was taken from
http:news.stanford.edu20050614jobs-061505. The secondary data were some documents or books on linguistic such as pragmatics, speech acts and books on
public speaking. In order to do the research, there were three main steps or procedures that
were used: data gatheringcollecting, data organizing and data analysis. In data gatheringcollecting, the data was collected by observing the transcript of the
speech. Transcript was used in order to observe and analyze the data easily. After that, the data was organized into a table. By using the table, the researcher
analyzed each utterance in the speech in order to find what kind of speech acts performed by the utterances.
7