Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII
230
Gambar 9.1
Menurut pengamat di luar kereta api, penumpang sedang bergerak
dengan kecepatan yang sama dengan kecepatan kereta api.
A. Semua Gerak Bersifat Relatif
.:BI67:C9696H66C7:F:F6?6:9I9I6C7:C96HI7:FI76= H:F=696EHH68I6C6H6I:F6C668I6CM6C9H:H6E6C
.:DF6CGGK6
M6CG:96C9I9I996A6B:F:H66EM6C7:F:F696H66C96B H967:F:F6?6:F6C668I6CCM6:F:H66E
6CH:H6EG:DF6C
E:C6B6H9AI6F:F:H66EB:C6H66CGGK6H:FG:7IH7:F:F69:C6C :8:E6H6CM6CG6B69:C6C:8:E6H6C:F:H66E
.6B6=6ACM6:F6
G:7I6=E:F6=IH:FG:7IH6AF6C6FGIC6
+:F6=I96C6FIGGIC67:F:F6 H:F=696EIB
DCHD=96H6GB:CIC?I6C76=K6H966967:C96
M6C7:F:F6BIHA6M6C696=6CM6A6=:F6F:A6H; :DF:KHDCH:A6=7:F=6GAB:C?:A6G6CE:FGHK6G:7I6=7:C96M6C
7:F:F69:C6C:8:E6H6CF:C96=G:E:FH8DCHD= 8DCHD=:F6H:FG:7IH 6CH:H6EH:DFCM6H967:F=6GAB:C?:A6G6CE:FGHK67:C96M6C
7:F:F6B:C9:6H:8:E6H6C86=6M6G:E:FHG:?IBA6=:A:HFDCM6C 9E:F8:E6HB:A6AI7:96EDH:CG6A
:166CB:C86E6:8:E6H6C
:CIFIHB:6C6:KHDC76=K6:8:E6H6C:A:HFDC66CB:C?69 ?6 9E:F8:E6H 9:C6C EDH:CG6A G:7:G6F :1
:CM6H66C
B:CIC?I6C76=K6:8:E6H6C:A:HFDCH:H6EG6?6G:7:G6F
:A6GA6= B:6C6:KHDCH9696E6H9E66ICHI7:C96 7:C96M6C7:F:F6
B:C9:6H:8:E6H6C86=6M6
1. Transformasi Galileo
+FCGEF:A6HJH6G6AA:D9:C6A?I6G:766EFCGEF:A6HJH6GA6G 6F:C6 =6CM6 7:F6H6C 9:C6C =IIB =IIB :F6 :KHDC
DCHD=CM6E:C6B6H6CH:F=696EG:DF6CGGK6M6CG:96C9I9I9 96A6B:F:H66EM6C7:F:F6DA:=9I6DF6CE:C6B6HG:7669I6
:F6C668I6C7:F7:96 DCHD=H:FG:7IH96E6H96B76F6C9:C6CB:CIC66CGGH:B
DDF9C6H:F6C668I6C=6AH:FG:7IH9AIG6CG:E:FH + 6A6BHF6CG;DFB6GM6C66C9HIFIC6CCG:A6CK6HIM6C986H6H
DA:=E:C6B6H996C96C6EG6B6 + B:BE:FA=6H6C9I6:F6C668I6C96C
:F6C6
68I6CH:F=696E68I6C7:F:F6:6C6CG:E6C?6CGIB7I -9:C6C :8:E6H6C H:H6E +
+696 :F6C6 68I6C C:FG6A 7:FA6I
,
:F6C668I6CC:FG6AH96B:C6A6BE:F8:E6H6C G6A6C9I6DF6CE:C6B6H96C B6GC B6GC7:F69696A6B
:F6C668I6C.96C
+:C6B6HM6C7:F6969GH6GIC96C6E 7:F696E696:F6C668I6CM6C96B
96EICE:C6B6H 7:F696
Y S
O X = X
V t Z
Y S
x P
O Z
x
8
Y S
Z O
t = 0 X
v
7 6
Z Y
S X
O t = 0
2+++. -,0.- 131 02020 , 0- 0- 21 +22 1 ,
Tes Kompetensi Awal
:H6C96B:A=6HED=DC ED=DC96F96A6BBD7A M6CG:96C7:F:F6ED=DC ED=DCH:FA=6H7:F:F6
:6F6=M6C7:FA6K6C6C96F6F6=:F6BD7A
+D=DC H:FG:7IH96H66C7:F:F6F:A6H;H:F=696EC96
M6C96B
6FAIGHF6GH:FG:7IH8D76C96GBEIA6C 6E66=:F6F:A6H;HI
6C967:FA6F9:C6C:8:E6H6CB?6B:6F6= 9:E6C996A6B:F:H66EM6CG:96C7:F:F69:C6C
:8:E6H6CB?6B7:F6E6:8:E6H6CHDH6AC96 B:CIFIHE:C6B6HM6C96B9ECFF:A:F:H6
6:8:E6H6C86=6M69H:B766C96FE:G6K6H GIE:FGDCM6CB:BA:8:E6H6CG6B69:C6C
:8:E6H6C7ICMBICC6=:8:E6H6C86=6M6 H:FG:7IHA:7=96FP
BGE66A6G6CCM6 E6M6C9B6GI99:C6C:H:F+:F8D766C6E66=
M6CB:CIIF6CH:DF696CM6:H:F
Gambar 9.2
a Kerangka acuan S dalam keadaan diam;
b Kerangka acuan S dalam kecepatan konstan v;
c Setelah selang waktu t, berada jauh vt dari titik koordinat S.
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Teori Relativitas Khusus
231
E696:F6C668I6CM6C7:F:F6
IA6 BIA696C7:FBEH96C G:H:A6=G:DCGI96=B:C:BEI=?6F6+
.:7I6=7:C967:F:F6:6C6C9:C6C:8:E6H6C +696G66H
G:DC7:C96H:F=696E:F6C668I6CB:BADDF9C6H-.96C H:F=696E:F6C668I6CB:BADDF9C6H-.G:=C6
--0+.. O
:C6C6C6E6CK6HIM6C96B6HDA:=E:C6B6HE696:F6C6 68I6CG6B69:C6CK6HIM6C96B6HDA:=E:C6B6H96A6B:F6C6
68I6CM6C7:F:F6 O
0 + , 7 96C 7 9:C6A 9:C6C HF6CG;DFB6G 6AA:D F6CG;DFB6G:76A6CCM6696A6=
--+.. O
A:=6F:C6HIFIC6C-6H6I-H:F=696EG6B69:C6CHIFIC6C -6H6I-H:F=696E
60 + ,79HIFIC6CH:F=696EK6HI
66C9E:FDA:=:8:E6H6C - +
+ -
- - 6
-
-
696A6=:8:E6H6C7:C96H:F=696E
-
-
696A6= :8:E6H6C7:C96H:F=696E96C
+ +
66C9E:FDA:=G:7I6= 7:CHIE:FG6B66C
- -
0+ O
+696GIB7I .7:FA6I..E696GIB7I 7:FA6I . .
. .
H6I
- -
O+
. .
O HF6CG;DFB6G:76A6CCM6696A6=
- -
+
. .
O :H:F6C6C
-
:8:E6H6C7:C96G:?6?6F-
.
:8:E6H6C7:C96G:?6?6F. :8:E6H6C7:C96G:?6?6F
:8:E6H6C9HIFIC6CH:F=696EK6HI66CB:C=6GA6CE:F8:E6H6C
- -
- -
. .
. .
O
Tantangan
untuk Anda
Berilah contoh ilustrasi transformasi Galileo yang ada di sekitar Anda.
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Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII
232
:F96G6F6C0 + ,796E6H96H66C76=K6E:F8:E6H6C 7:C9696A6B:F6C668I6CG6B69:C6CE:F8:E6H6C7:C9696A6B
:F6C668I6C
6GG67:C969E6C96C96F:F6C668I6C 96C96C6EH:H6EG6B6B666M6E696:F6C668I6C96C
B:C?69G6B6EIA6M6HI96CG:=C6 6FIF66CH:FG:7IH96E6H96B7A:GBEIA6C76=K6 ,
.:7I6=:F:H66E7:F:F69:C6C:8:E6H6CB?6B
.:DF6CE:CIBE6C 7:F?6A6C96A6B:F:H69:C6C:8:E6H6CB?6BG:6F6=9:C6C:F:H6
:F6E6
:8:E6H6CE:CIBE6CH:FG:7IHH:F=696EDF6CM6C96B9H:EF:A 4
:C6CB:CIC66C0 + ,7
- -
0+ F6CM6C96B9H:EF:AG:766:F6C668I6C
:F:H66EM6C7:F:F6
H:F=696EDF6CM6C96BG:766:F6C668I6C
:8:E6H6CE:CIBE6CH:F=696E :F6C668I6C696A6=
-
B?6B
:C6C9:B6C:8:E6H6CE:CIBE6C
-
H:F=696EM6C96B696A6=
- -
+ B?6B
Contoh
9.1
2. Percobaan Michelson–Morley
