Objective of the Research Specification of the Expected Product Assumptions of the Research

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D. Formulation of the Problems

Based on some of the problems the researcher has referred above, the formulation of the problems is: What instructional writing materials are appropriate to meet the needs to develop writing skills of Second Year University Students of English Department?

E. Objective of the Research

In this research the researcher aims to develop English writing instructional materials that are appropriate for Second Year University Students of the English Department, Champasak University.

F. Specification of the Expected Product

In order to support and develop students’ ability in writing, writing instructional materials will be printed out in the form of a textbook and provided to the Second Year University Students of the English Department, Champasak University. The English writing instructional materials will contain four units, including a variety of activities, a teacher’s guide, and students’ worksheets or writing tasks. The activities in the English writing instructional materials are expected to meet the needs of students and facilitate them in learning writing.

G. Significance of the Research

The researcher hopes that the products developed by the researcher will be useful to the field of education and for other people who are interested in developing writing skills. 8

1. Theoretical Significance

As long as writing theories have been a viable approach to the teaching of writing, it is evident that these theories play important roles in the world of education, especially in the process of teaching and learning. Also, in this research, the researcher hopes that the theoretical approach will be significant enough to benefit the product developed by the researcher and will be the main key to supporting the development of student writing skills.

2. Practical Significance

The researcher also hopes that the result of this research will be useful to students to better develop their writing skills. The writing materials will help students to show and express their ability in writing texts. The materials will stimulate students’ ideas and their interest in writing skills. To the researcher, this research also can improve her own writing skills, and her masters in teaching English language. Moreover, the researcher benefits from the application of these approaches in teaching and learning activities in the classroom. To the teachers, this product will help with teaching their students. The teachers can use this product to motivate their students in the process of writing. The teachers can also use this product to encourage the students’ writing ability. To the school or university, when this product is implemented at school or university, hopefully this English writing institutional material will be able to improve the quality of teachers in teaching the language. Also, these results help 9 contribute information to the teachers of Champasak University that will hopefully improve their methods of teaching writing and the application of new techniques. To the students, this research also provides information and activities that can help them in their learning process, and the final product can encourage students to produce the best achievements in their learning.

H. Assumptions of the Research

1. The English writing instructional materials and the process of teaching writing by using the approach of writing will motivate students to develop their writing skills. 2. The writing instructional materials and the activities involving the process of writing will encourage students to develop their writing skills. 3. The teachers can use the English writing instructional materials to help and support students to develop their writing skills. 4. The students understand and are able to use the materials. 10

CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW

A. Theoretical Description

In the background of the study, the writer has emphasized the importance of writing in order to communicate with others. The writer also provided some cases of students where they had to produce a paragraph as stated in the part of the identification of the problems. In this chapter, the writer is going to provide some definitions of writing, macro and micro skills of writing, principles of writing, approaches to teaching writing, and the theory of developing materials.

1. The Nature of Writing

a. Definitions of Writing

Writing is one of the four skills of language, and writing is recognized as a productive skill because writing needs to produce the ideas that generate into a good paragraph. To know more about writing, the definitions of writing as provided by many experts is as follows: Writing is a complex metacognitive activity that allows on an individual’s knowledge Huy, 2015. In addition, writing is like a process of learning a language that can increase the amount of vocabulary and the use of punctuation Connors, 2002. In addition, writing is often a process of exploration and continuing discovery Langan 2010. As a result, a person can communicate a variety of messages to close or distant and known or unknown readers Olshtain 2001. Matsuda Silva 2010 states that writing is both a noun and a verb. Writing refers both to the written text and the act of constructing written text. As the result,