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Figure 3. Development Procedure Source: Jolly and Bolitho 1998, 97
1. Identification of the Problems
At this stage, the researcher found out the problems of the students when they had activities in writing English. The problems would be solved by finding
students’ needs and designing new materials for writing. According t
o the researcher’s experience, students have problems in writing skills. Lack of vocabulary is one issue that students face when they have to do the
writing activities. Moreover, students do not master generating and developing their ideas to form a good paragraph. Furthermore, punctuation is another one of the
difficulties in writing skills. As a result, the problems can be identified as follows: 1 Writing is a
complicated skill for students because they have to express their ideas in a well- structured organization of the texts using coherence, cohesion, grammar, mechanics
Identification
By teachers or learners of a need to fulfill or a problem to solve by the creation of materials.
Exploration
Of the area of needproblem in terms of the language, skills, content, etc. required
Contextual Realization
Of the proposed new materials by finding suitable ideas, contexts, or texts with which to work
Pedagogical Realization
Of materials by finding appropriate exercises and activities and writing appropriate instruction for use
Physical Production
Of materials considering layout, fonts, visuals, etc.
Use and Evaluation
Following the use of materials, their evaluation against agreed objectives
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and the proper use of words. 2 Writing becomes more difficult for most students when they do not clearly understand texts in. 3 Students did not know the process
of writing in English which is important to know in order to develop students’
writing skill.
2. Exploration Needs Analysis
Needs is actually an umbrella term that embraces many aspects Hyland, 2003. Needs analysis is defined as the studen
ts’ needs in learning. This cover what students need to learn and what the learners want to learn. Needs analysis will make
sure that the course will contain relevant and useful things to learn Nation Macalister, 2010
. Needs are divided into target needs and learners’ needs Hutchinson Walters, 1987.
At this stage, needs analysis was done by distributing the questionnaires. Students were asked about their needs in order to design and develop new materials
for writing skills.
3. Contextual Realization
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