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Unit 4 “Through the Cultures”
This unit provided students with information about the cultures around them. Cultures were presented through greetings, clothing, eating and other religions.
Students were asked about the cultures, the content was presented and followed
by activities. 5.
Physical Production
At this stage, the researcher designed and considered the shape of the new product. Layout, fonts, and visuals are all points that the researcher has to consider.
a. Reviewing the Materials Validation
Before the materials were tried out, the first draft of the materials were reviewed by an expert in materials development. The revision judged the materials
using a validation sheet provided by the researcher. The validation sheet was developed using Likert scales.
Table 17: Interval Score of the Materials Validation No
Interval Interpretation
Category
1 X
Mi + 1,5SD to Mi + 3SD 3.65 . �� . Very good
2 X
Mi to Mi + 1,5 SD 3.65
. �� . Good
3 X
Mi – 1,5SD to Mi 3.65
. �� . Fair
4 Mi
– 3SD to Mi – 1,5 SD �� .
Poor
The reviewer was one of the lecturer in English Department Yogyakarta State University. He is the secretary of the language development centre of Yogyakarta
State University, and the results of the materials validation is presented as follows:
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Table 18: The Result of Materials Validation Expert Judgment No
Aspects Mean
1 Aims and Approaches
3.50 2
Design and Organization 3.66
3 Language Contents
3.66 4
Skills 3.75
5 Topics
4.00 6
Methodology 3.60
7 Practical and Considerations
3.33
Overall Scores 25.5
Average Mean 3.65
Conclusion Very Good
Based on the data on table 18, it is found that the validation score on materials appropriateness is 25.5 with the average mean score 3.65. 6 items categorized as
good and 1 item of aspect was categorized as very good. As a result, the English writing instructional materials which were developed by the researcher were
appropriate for students because the average mean score for all aspects were 3.65 . �� . .
b. Interpretation of the Data
From the data analysis shown in statistics, the results show that the materials were good enough in terms of aims and purpose, design and organization, language
content, skills, topics, methodology and practical considerations.
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1 Aims and Approaches
Based on the reviewer, the materials were appropriate for students in teaching and learning situations. The materials also corresponded with the
aims of the writing subjects, the teaching program and the learners’ needs. Furthermore, the materials allowed students of different learning styles to
learn. Moreover, the materials covered most or all of the required teaching needs grammar, writing process, vocabulary, punctuation and instructions.
2 Design and Organization
Based on the data, the reviewer agreed that the materials’ content was orderly, easy and understandable. Moreover, the instructions were easy to
understand and the tasks were suitable for individuals, pairs and group work. The reviewer also agreed that there were references for grammar points after
the lesson were presented. Finally, the reviewer agreed that the layout was clear and the topics that students needed to learn were easy to find.
3 Language Content
The reviewer strongly agreed that the materials cover main grammar items related to the lessons. He also agreed that the materials cover
vocabulary in terms of quantity and a specified set of vocabulary. The reviewer strongly agreed that the tasks of the materials covered vocabulary
activities and grammar.
4 Skills
The reviewer strongly agreed that the materials meet the syllabus requirements, covered more than one skill, and that the reading passages were
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suitable for individual students’ levels. Therefore, he also agreed that the
writing activities were suitable in terms of guidance and control. 5
Topics
Based on the reviewer, the topics were relevant to students’ interest and
needs. Moreover, the topics also helped students expand the awareness of
culture, language and enrich their experience. 6
Methodology
The reviewer agreed that the materials covered the process of teaching writing and the techniques used in teaching were suitable for learners. Thus,
the reviewer strongly agreed that the materials included advice on learning strategies and encouraged students to communicate. Therefore, the materials
covered both teacher-centric and learner-centric approaches. 7
Practical and Considerations
Based on the reviewer, the materials were easy to obtain provided by
the teacher or made as copies, and also the materials were attractive. c.
The Reviewer’s Comment
Based on the data collected, almost all aspects were approved by the reviewer.
However, there were some points to be improved.
1 Sometimes grammar dominated the activity.
2 More guided practice exercises needed - meanwhile the materials
needed more activities and also guidance for students. 3
The instructions should be more direct, specifying which tasks are for individuals, pairs or group work.
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4 The materials needed to supply more vocabulary
However, the materials were revised several times before conducting the try- out process.
6. Use and Evaluation Try-out and Evaluation
