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6. Materials Development
a. Definition of Materials
The most important component in curriculum is the materials Nunan, 1991; the materials are all activities in teaching and learning process and they are the most
important means to transfer our learning objectives. Moreover, teaching materials are central to writing instruction and are widely used to stimulate, model, and
support writing Hyland, 2003. This is why the materials need to have clear instructions for the students.
According to Tomlinson 1998: 2 materials refer to anything that is used by teachers or learners to facilitate the learning of a language. Materials can obviously
be in the form of a textbook, dictionary, workbook, cassette, CD-ROM, video, photocopied handout, or instructions given by the teacher. They could also be a
newspaper, a paragraph written on a whiteboard or anything that informs students about the language being learned. In other words, materials can be anything which
is deliberately used to increase the learners’ knowledge or experience of the language.
b. Materials Developments
Tomlinson 1998: 2 states that materials development refers to anything which is done by writers, teachers or learners that provides sources of language
input and exploits those sources in ways which maximize the likelihood of intake: in other words, the supplying of information about experiences of the language in
ways designed to promote language learning. To do so, material developers might bring the textbook, stories, and advertisements into the classroom, invite students
to share their opinion, and provide some examples of language. In addition,
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whatever they do to provide input, it can be related to what they know and this can help students in learning language effectively.
Graves 2000: 149 indicates that materials development is the planning process created by the teacher in units and lessons, and within those units one can
carry out the goals and objectives of the course. In addition, materials development is the process of making a syllabus and designing the activities which will be used
in the classroom. For designing courses, a teacher may choose and adapt the existing materials, organize materials and activities, and develop new materials
with which students can achieve their objectives and reach the goals of the course.
c. Principles in Developing Materials
Kategori