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in groups and discussion with their friends, and was dependent on the activities provided under the guidelines of the developer or teacher. After the learning
process, the questionnaires were distributed in order to find out the responses of the students through the writing learning material. In order to gain more information,
an interview was done with some students at the end of class.
2. Try-out Subject
This research was conducted at the English Department Champasak University. The subjects of the research were Second Year University Students of
English Department, academic year 2015-2016, Champasak University.
3. Data Collection Techniques and Instruments
a. Data Collection Techniques
Both the needs analysis of the subjects and evaluation of the subject were conducted at the English Department, Champasak University. The data was
collected through questionnaires and interviews. After the data was collected, the data was used to design and develop the English writing instructional materials.
b. Data Collection Instruments
1 Interview Guideline
The interview was done at the evaluation stage of the product. The interview was done in order to obtain more information about developed
materials and to get feedback from the students according to the learning writing process.
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2 Questionnaires
Questionnaires were distributed to collect data for needs analysis of the students, product review for expert judgment and evaluation from the
students. The questions required the participants to choose the provided number of responses. The questionnaires provided statements and a rating
scale to indicate the participant responses. The questionnaires were distributed three times. First questionnaires were distributed to obtain a needs
analysis. Second, questionnaires were provided for expert judgment to review the product. Third, after implementing the product, the questionnaires were
distributed to evaluate the new product and to obtain more information about the material that was used.
Table 3: The Outline for Needs Analysis No.
Types of information The purposes of the
questions Reference
1 Who the learners are
To know the students’ profile age, gender, educational
background, nationality, language
Graves, 2000
2 Students’ learning
background To know about what they
have learned and known Hutchinson
Waters, 1987
3 The learners’ level of
language proficiency To know the students’
proficiency of the four skills, grammar, vocabulary,
pronunciation. Graves,
2000 4
The learners’ level of intercultural
competence To know students’ experience
in another culture Graves,
2000
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Continued
No. Types of information
The purposes of the questions
Reference
5 Students’ interests
To know what topic learners need to learn
Graves, 2000
6 Students’ learning
preferences To know how students expect
to be taught, activities, the role students expect to take in
class Graves,
2000 7
Students’ attitudes To know their attitude in
using target language and writing skill
Graves, 2000
4. Techniques of Data Analysis
