Literature Review Methodology Results

vi Contents Acknowledgements Abstract Abstrak List of Tables List of Figures Chapter 1 Jambi Malay: The Need for a Sociolinguistic Study 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Background 1.2.1 Two communities 1.2.1.1 Mudung Laut 1.2.1.2 Mudung Darat 1.3 Description of the language situation 1.3.1 Standard Indonesian 1.3.2 Jambi Indonesian 1.3.3 Jambi Malay

1.3.4 Other variants

1.3.5 Diglossia and language maintenance and shift in Jambi 1.4 Objectives

1.5 Chapter summary

Chapter 2 Literature Review

2.1 Introduction 2.2 Perspectives on language maintenance and shift 2.3 Perspectives on language maintenance and shift: Indonesia 2.4 Perspectives on language maintenance and shift: Jambi Malays 2.5 Conclusion

Chapter 3 Methodology

3.1 Introduction 3.2 Questionnaire

3.3 Matched guise test

3.4 Observation 3.5 Selection of informants

3.6 Pilot test

3.7 Conclusion

Chapter 4 Results

4.1 Introduction 4.2 Individual questions by percentage 4.2.1 Questionnaire 4.2.2 Matched guise test 4.2.3 Summary of response percentages

4.3 Results of the structured language use observation

4.3.1 Summary 4.4 Results according to independent variable 4.4.1 Introduction 4.4.2 Sampling distribution 4.4.3 Results: Age variable 4.4.3.1 Age distribution 4.4.3.2 Questionnaire 4.4.3.3 Matched guise test 4.4.3.4 Summary of age variable 4.4.4 Results: Education variable: No education through finished SMA 4.4.4.1 Education distribution 4.4.4.2 Questionnaire 4.4.4.3 Matched guise test 4.4.4.4 Summary of education variable 4.4.4.5 Results: College graduates 4.4.4.5.1 Questionnaire 4.4.4.5.2 Matched guise test 4.4.4.5.3 Summary of college graduates 4.4.5 Results: Sex variable 4.4.5.1 Sex distribution 4.4.5.2 Questionnaire 4.4.5.3 Matched guise test 4.4.5.4 Summary of sex variable 4.4.6 Results: Location variable 4.4.6.1 Location distribution 4.4.6.2 Questionnaire 4.4.6.3 Matched guise test 4.4.6.4 Summary of location variable

4.4.6.5 Location variable including pilot test

4.4.6.5.1 Questionnaire 4.4.6.5.2 Matched guise test 4.4.6.5.3 Summary of location including pilot test site 4.4.7 Occupation 4.5 Matched guise test results 4.5.1 Introduction 4.5.2 Difference between Jambi Malay and Indonesian 4.5.3 Matched guise test scores according to speaker 4.5.4 Differences between the matched guise test and the questionnaire

4.5.5 Summary of matched guise test results

4.6 Differences among researchers 4.6.1 Introduction 4.6.2 Questionnaire 4.6.3 Matched guise test 4.6.4 Foreign researcher results 4.6.5 Summary of differences between researchers

4.7 Conclusion

Chapter 5 Conclusions and Recommendations