Matched guise test Individual questions by percentage

28. Would you like it if there were books in Jambi Malay? No 6 OK 1 yes 93 It is clear from the answers to the questionnaire questions above that usage of Jambi Malay was high in the two communities under study. Ninety-nine percent of respondents claimed to use Jambi Malay every day question 1, and in each home and neighborhood situation over 90 of the informants said they use Jambi Malay question 6a–p. It is especially noteworthy here that 98 of informants claimed to speak JM with their children, and 99 said their children speak JM to them. And, 93 said that the youth in the communities generally speak Jambi Malay question 7. The percentages of JM language usage decreased as spatial distance from home increased, as well as when the venue or person being addressed was considered more prestigious. Compare, for instance, reported usage of JM at the Angso Duo market the large fresh market not far from Jambi Seberang in question 6k1 with usage of JM at the supermarket in downtown Jambi City: 39 versus 19. An even greater difference was seen between usage of JM at a local health center in question 6m2 and usage of JM at a hospital in 6m1: 63 versus 30. This is in line with informal observations of Jambi Malay language usage as noted in section 1.3.3: Jambi Malay was spoken mainly in such domains as the home and neighborhood and traditional ceremonies, and was spoken less in domains like education, government, and city supermarkets. The strength of Jambi Malay in the face of Indonesian and other languages was somewhat remarkable. Seventy-two percent of the informants claimed they speak Indonesian only once in a while question 2, and 11 claimed to rarely or never speak it. Moreover, 32—not a high percentage but much higher than expected—of the informants said they use JM when addressing a stranger question 4, and in question 6n 32 use JM when praying privately. A similar percentage of informants 30 reported that they use JM even when talking to a Chinese or Javanese or Minangkabau person question 9, and 38 reported that people from those other language groups learn to speak JM question 10. Attitudes as revealed by the questionnaire percentages were relatively positive as well, despite being somewhat conflicting. With regard to attitudes towards Jambi Malay itself, responses were positive. For example, in question 11, 86 of informants claimed to speak Jambi Malay because they like to, and high percentages of informants said that children should be spoken to in JM in the home, and that they want their children to master JM questions 14 and 15. Ninety percent said they would like to learn to read and write in Jambi Malay question 22, and high percentages of informants said they would be happy to see media in Jambi Malay. The majority 75 of people said they would still marry a person who could only speak JM and not Indonesian question 18. And, most of the informants claimed to feel pleased if they hear JM spoken in public places question 21. Some of the attitude questions had higher percentages than others, especially the ones regarding a desire for mastery and development of Jambi Malay. Attitude questions dealing with education or advancement, however, resulted in much less positive responses. Only 16 of informants answered that they would want to send their children to a school that uses Jambi Malay as the medium of instruction question 17. 3 And in the case of receiving information from the government regarding public health or agriculture, only 29 said they would want the information in Jambi Malay, whereas 65 said they would want the information in Indonesian.

4.2.2 Matched guise test

The matched guise test questions and the responses given, from a total of 273 informants in both locations, are listed as follows. 3 Similar results were found in an article cited by Collins 1999 in which the majority of Spanish-speaking parents in California U.S.A. refused to send their children to a Spanish-medium school Puente 1997. a. Does this person sound like heshe is a Jambi Malay person? Answer Jambi Malay Recording Indonesian Recording “no” 23 35 “do not know” 2 3 “yes” 74 62 b. Does this person sound like heshe is a government employee? Answer Jambi Malay Indonesian “no” 26 23 “do not know” 16 14 “yes” 58 64 c. Does this person sound like heshe is a leader? Answer Jambi Malay Indonesian “no” 43 40 “do not know” 16 15 “yes” 41 45 d1. Does this person sound like heshe has finished SMA? Answer Jambi Malay Indonesian “no” 8 5 “do not know” 7 7 “yes” 84 88 d2. Does this person sound like heshe has finished university? Answer Jambi Malay Indonesian “no” 30 20 “do not know” 18 19 “yes” 52 61 e. Does this person sound like heshe is wise? Answer Jambi Malay Indonesian “no” 7 6 “do not know” 12 11 “yes” 81 84 f. Does this person sound like heshe is friendly? Answer Jambi Malay Indonesian “no” 4 4 “do not know” 6 6 “yes” 90 89 g. Does this person sound like heshe is trustworthy? Answer Jambi Malay Indonesian “no” 6 7 “do not know” 14 14 “yes” 80 79 h. Is this person easy to understand? Answer Jambi Malay Indonesian “no” 4 4 “do not know” “yes” 96 96 i. Does this person have a pleasant sounding voice? Answer Jambi Malay Indonesian “no” 4 4 “do not know” “yes” 96 96 It can be seen from these questions that with regard to the identity question, Jambi Malay percentages were somewhat higher. The identity question “a” “does this person sound like heshe is a Jambi Malay person?” yielded a fairly wide margin between the Jambi Malay recordings 74 answered yes and the Indonesian recordings 62 answered yes. On the other hand, in the character questions “f” and “g” the margin between Jambi Malay and Indonesian was very slight: Jambi Malay’s positive responses were only 1 higher than Indonesian. Moreover, the character question “e” “Does this person sound wise?”, showed a higher percentage of positive answers for the Indonesian recordings versus the Jambi Malay recordings. Each one of the status questions questions “b”–“d2” resulted in higher percentages of positive answers for Indonesian versus Jambi Malay. In questions “c” “Does this person sound like heshe is a leaderholds a high position?” and “d2” “Does this person sound like heshe has finished SMA?”, positive responses to Jambi Malay did not trail far behind Indonesian, however, with only four percentage point differences in each. Finally, there was no difference in the way informants responded to questions “h” “Is this person easy to understand?” and “i” “Does this person have a pleasant sounding voice?”. With regard to how the words in the recordings sounded, the language used did not seem to matter.

4.2.3 Summary of response percentages